Legality of bestiality by country or territory

2016-04-17T10:32:29Z

58.173.214.153:

{{Sex and the law}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Expert subject|talk=Needs to be supervised by an expert(s) on law and/or anthropology to give a more critical view on the article's subject|date=March 2014}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2012}}
{{POV-check|date=July 2011}}
}}

'''Zoophilia and the law''' looks at the laws governing humans performing sex acts on animals, SPECIFICALLY AARON EDWARDS HAVING SEX WITH HORSES AND DONKEYS ON A DAILY BASIS. Laws against humans performing sex acts on animals, where they exist, are concerned with the actual act, which it commonly refers to as ''[[bestiality]]'', rather than the sexual attraction to animals. For this reason, prohibitions of zoophilic pornography are more varied; they may be unlawful if an actual sex act with an animal is involved, but the status is not clear-cut if there is a mere representation, such as a painting or cartoon. In that case, normal [[obscenity law]]s will normally apply. All [[Animal pornography|zoophilic imagery]] is widely regarded as [[pornography]].

== Objectives ==
The practice of humans having sex with animals sometimes involves [[animal cruelty]] or [[animal abuse]], which often involves [[zoosadism]]. However, not all sexual activity with animals involves cruelty.

== Recent legislation ==
For centuries, sexual acts on animals were illegal under [[sodomy law]]s or "crime against nature" laws. Since the 1950s most sodomy laws have been repealed and in some places specific anti-bestiality laws have been enacted.

Bestiality was outlawed in [[Norway]] in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://africanpress.me/2007/11/17/sex-with-animals-to-be-banned-in-norway/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326084927/http://africanpress.me/2007/11/17/sex-with-animals-to-be-banned-in-norway/ |archivedate=2012-03-26 |title=Sex with animals to be banned in Norway}}</ref> [[The Netherlands]] in 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.last.fm/forum/23/_/599411 |title=Dutch Parliament OKs Ban on Beastiality – In the News – |publisher=Last.fm |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> [[Australian Capital Territory]] in 2011,<ref name="ACT">{{cite web |url= http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/b/db_40369/20101209-46298/pdf/db_40369.pdf |title=Crimes Legislation Amendment Bill 2010 |work=Australian Capital Territory Legislation Register |year=2010 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Sweden]] in 2013,<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2341789/Sweden-set-ban-bestiality-scrapping-legal-loophole-legal-animal-did-suffer.html</ref> and [[Denmark]] in 2015.<ref>http://www.euronews.com/newswires/3009322-denmark-bans-bestiality-in-move-against-animal-sex-tourism/</ref>

In the U.S., as of 2012, bestiality is illegal in 37 states. Most state bestiality laws were enacted between 1999 and 2012.<ref name="StateLaws">{{cite web |first=Rebecca F. |last=Wisch |url=http://www.animallaw.info/articles/State%20Tables/tbusanimalassault.htm |title=Table of State Animal Sexual Assault Laws |publisher=Michigan State University College of Law |year=2013 |accessdate=2013-01-04}}</ref> Laws were enacted in [[Pennsylvania]] in 1999,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/1999-06-04/news/25497636_1_bestiality-pennsylvania-lawmakers-sexual-activity |title=Accidentally Decriminalized, Bestiality To Go Back On Books - Philly.com |publisher=Articles.philly.com |date=2009-09-24 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> [[Iowa]] in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animallaw.info/statutes/stusiast717B_1_717E.htm#s717C_1 |title=Iowa Animal Anti-Cruelty Statute |publisher=Animallaw.info |date=2004-04-09 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> [[Illinois]] in 2002,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-11614863.html |title=Ryan signs anti-bestiality legislation - The Pantagraph Bloomington |first=Kurt |last=Erickson |work=HighBeam Research |date=July 27, 2002 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref> [[Maryland]] in 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animallaw.info/statutes/stusmd10_601_622.htm#s3_322 |title=Maryland Consolidated Cruelty Statutes |publisher=Animallaw.info |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> [[Washington (state)|Washington]] in 2006,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002838346_bestiality02m.html |work=The Seattle Times |first=Jennifer |last=Sullivan |title=Lawmakers vote to make bestiality illegal in this state |date=2 March 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100421114238/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com:80/html/localnews/2002838346_bestiality02m.html |archivedate=21 April 2010 }}</ref> [[Arizona]] in 2006,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2006/05/24/13598-governor-signs-bill-to-ban-bestiality/ |title=Governor signs bill to ban bestiality - Tucson Citizen Morgue, Part 1 (2006-2009) |publisher=Tucsoncitizen.com |date=2006-05-24 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> [[Indiana]] in 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animallaw.info/statutes/stusinst35_46_3_1_13.htm |title=Indiana Consolidated Cruelty Statutes |publisher=Animallaw.info |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> [[Tennessee]] in 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2009/03/21/states-considering-laws-against-bestiality.aspx |title=States considering laws against bestiality - OhMyGov News |publisher=Ohmygov.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20120110221735/http://ohmygov.com:80/blogs/general_news/archive/2009/03/21/states-considering-laws-against-bestiality.aspx |archivedate=10 January 2012 }}</ref> [[Colorado]] in 2007,<ref name="zoocolorado">{{cite news| url=http://www.denverpost.com/legislature/ci_5682180 |title=Bill adds bestiality to animal cruelty law | work=Denver Post | first=Jennifer | last=Brown |date=April 17, 2007 }}</ref> [[Alaska]] in 2010,<ref name="politicsdaily.com">{{cite web|last=Drake |first=Bruce |url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/01/27/bill-to-criminalize-bestiality-advances-in-alaska-legislature/ |title=Bill to Criminalize Bestiality Advances in Alaska Legislature |publisher=Politicsdaily.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> and [[Florida]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miami.cbslocal.com/2011/05/05/anti-bestiality-law-finally-passes-in-florida/ |title=Anti-Bestiality Law Finally Passes In Florida « CBS Miami |publisher=Miami.cbslocal.com |date=2011-05-05 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> Laws which prohibit non-abusive bestiality have been criticized for being discriminatory, unjust and unconstitutional.<ref name="interdis">{{cite web |url= http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/cutteridgepaper.pdf |title=For the Love of Dog: On the Legal Prohibition of Zoophilia in Canada and the United States |first=Brian Anthony |last=Cutteridge |work=inter-disciplinary.net |year=2010 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="mroberts">{{cite journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.1328310 |title=The Unjustified Prohibition against Bestiality: Why the Laws in Opposition Can Find No Support under the Harm Principle |year=2009 |last1=Roberts |first1=Michael |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal}}</ref>

== Background ==
{{Globalize/West | section | date=March 2014}}

=== International differences ===
Some jurisdictions list laws very clearly, such as [[England and Wales]], which specifically prohibits penetration of a human being by the penis of an animal, and penetration of an animal by a human's penis.<ref name="UKlaw69">{{cite web |url= http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/69 |title=Sexual Offences Act 2003, Section 69 |work=HM Government |year=2003 |accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref>

By contrast, many countries and US states are less precise about the scope of law in that they outlaw sex with animals, without defining what constitutes "sex".{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Even if bestiality is not explicitly prohibited, there are often many other laws which can be used to effectively prosecute cases. For example, most countries have animal cruelty laws, and a prosecutor will argue that all zoophilia activity is animal abuse.<ref>The argument that "all sexual activity with animals is automatically abuse" was made for example, in 1) the 2004 case of [http://pet-abuse.com/cases/2206/FL/US/1 State vs. Mitchell] (Florida), 2) the 2004 Pony case in Utrecht, Holland (cited below), and 3) the 2006 Washington state law which asserts as its foundational premise that "animal cruelty in the first degree is committed when a person knowingly engages in sexual conduct or sexual contact with an animal." [http://washingtonvotes.org/2006-SB-6417 SB-6417 2006]</ref> In some U.S. states, a person who engages in bestiality can be charged with animal cruelty.<ref name="shelby">{{cite web |url= http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2011/06/16/story-shelby-man-charged-with-animal-abuse-sex.html |title=Man Charged With Sexually Abusing Animals |work=WBNS-10TV |date=June 16, 2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref>

=== Prohibitions without specific bestiality statutes ===
Some countries have a range of laws on their books. Sometimes [[sodomy law]]s or "[[crime against nature]]" laws are used to prosecute people who have sex with animals.

In the case of [[Kenneth Pinyan]], who died from injuries sustained from receiving anal sex from a horse, local law enforcement found that there were no laws that allowed them to prosecute his friend, who had filmed the event and also allowed himself to be sodomized by the horse. The friend was prosecuted for trespassing. That case prompted the Washington State legislature to draw up legislation outlawing sex with animals.<ref name="thestranger">{{cite news|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=30811|accessdate=2006-04-30|title=The Animal In You|publisher=The Stranger|date=February–March 2006}}</ref>

In a 2005 [[Florida]] case, a man who had sex with his dog was charged with disorderly conduct, since the state had no anti-bestiality laws on the books at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidehorse.org/news_guide_dog_abuse.htm |title=Man charged with having intercourse with his Guide Dog |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521055021/http://www.guidehorse.org/news_guide_dog_abuse.htm |archivedate=2008-05-21}}</ref> On October 1, 2011 the state of Florida State Law 828.126, F.S went into effect, banning sex with animals.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2011/0344/BillText/er/PDF |title=Section 828.126, Florida Statutes |work=The Florida Senate |year=2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref>

== Laws against bestiality ==
Aggrawal has discussed extensively on laws against bestiality.<ref name="aggrawal">{{cite book | first=Anil | last=Aggrawal | title=Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher=[[CRC Press]] | location=Boca Raton | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-4200-4308-2 |url=http://crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781420043082}}</ref> It is permitted in a few countries although ordinary animal treatment laws apply.

There are also commonly laws against forcing another person to engage in sexual activity with other animals, especially minors (usually considered equivalent to [[rape]]), and laws related to exposing others (either non-consensually or minors) to the sight of a sexual act. In some jurisdictions, laws against zoophilia conduct also include provisions for seizure of animals where convicted.

=== Exceptions ===
{{see also|Artificial insemination#In livestock and pets|Semen collection#By species|Horse sheath cleaning}}
Sexual handling of an animal for the purposes of [[Veterinarian|veterinary]] practice, or [[animal husbandry]] (breeding), is normally exempted where such laws exist. In public discussion for the recently passed Oregon law, however, one animal shelter's spokesperson wanted the husbandry exemption kept out, as he was concerned that someone might use these "accepted farming practices" as a legal loophole to then have (legal) sexual contact with an animal only for personal enjoyment. One of the legislators responded by asking if they were trying to outlaw an act (of sexual contact), or a state of mind. The veterinary and husbandry exemption was left out of Oregon's law in the final, enacted version.

==Zoophilic pornography==
{{main|Animal pornography}}
The legality of pornography has three components: legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and legality of ownership. In general, animal pornography is legal to produce where both zoophilic activity and the creation of pornography in general are legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more widely.

Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which does not require the recording of an actual sexual act, are not usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and pornography.

== National laws ==
{{anchor|by country}}
{{Unreliable sources|section|date=March 2014}}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! style="width:12.5%;"| Country or territory
! style="width:12.5%;"| Zoosexual activity
! style="width:12.5%;"| Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography
! style="width:12.5%;"| Ownership of zoophilic pornography
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty varies by state/territory)<ref name="au_state_laws">Ref: Halsbury's Laws of Australia #9 page 247662:
Criminal offence: [[New South Wales]] (Crimes Act 1900 s79, not more than 14 years imprisonment), [[Northern Territory]] (Criminal Code s138, not more than 3 years imprisonment), [[Queensland]] (Criminal Code s211: "carnal knowledge of an animal", not more than 7 years imprisonment), [[South Australia]] (Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 s69, "buggery with an animal", not more than 10 years imprisonment), [[Tasmania]] (Criminal Code s122(b), not more than 21 years imprisonment), [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] (Crimes Act 1958 s59, not more than 5 years imprisonment), [[Western Australia]] (Criminal Code s181: "carnal knowledge of an animal", not more than 7 years imprisonment), [[Australian Capital Territory]] (Crimes Act 1900, s63A inserted in 2011, "Bestiality", not more than 10 years imprisonment).</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22library%2Fprspub%2FG1610%22|title=Legislation relating to pornography in Australia|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2015}}</ref>
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2007 (penalty: up to 6 months in prison and a fine of 1.000 € maximum)<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Moniteur Belge / Belgisch Staatsblad |title=Lois, Decrets, Ordonnances Et Reglements / Wetten, Decreten, Ordonnanties En Verordeningen |pages=38259–38260 |date=13 July 2007 |accessdate=13 July 2014|language=fr}}/{{nl icon}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Saude-e-bem-estar/noticia/2011/10/sexo-com-animais-por-que-fingir-que-isso-nao-existe.html|title=Revista Época - Sexo com animais: por que fingir que isso não existe? - notícias em Saúde e bem-estar|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>{{qn|date=November 2013}}<ref name="ecce bestia">[http://issuu.com/eziofb/docs/ezioflaviobazzo Ecce Bestia: Vice with Animals {{pt icon}}]</ref>{{qn|date=November 2013}} since 1830 (via [[Legal status of homosexuality in Brazil|repeal of sodomy laws]])
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal, never criminalized<ref name="ecce bestia"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0104-83332012000100009&script=sci_arttext|title=Cadernos Pagu - Sex with animals as an extreme practice in bizarre porn|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal, never criminalized
|-
|{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Cambodia]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal<ref name="sciamer">{{cite web |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=animal-lovers-zoophiles-make-scient-2010-03-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203183132/http://www.news24.com/News24/Backpage/Crime_Court/0,,2-1343-1345_1655555,00.html |archivedate=2005-02-03 |title=Hubby does it doggy style}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2015}}{{Failed verification|date=April 2015|reason=Does not say anything about the legality of sexual acts.}}
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 10 years in prison)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-160-20120809.html |title=Criminal Code, Section 160 |work=Canadian Dept. of Justice |year=2012 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2015<ref>{{Cite web|title = Flertal for lovændring: Nu bliver sex med dyr ulovligt|url = http://politik.tv2.dk/2015-04-21-flertal-for-lovaendring-nu-bliver-sex-med-dyr-ulovligt|accessdate = 2015-04-21}}</ref>
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal
|-
|{{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ecuador]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 8 years in prison)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=195753|title=Ecuador|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Ethiopia]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Imprisonment (no length given)<ref>[http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/arch/eth/TheRevisedCriminalCode.pdf Criminal Code of Ethiopia 2004 - Article 633.- Sexual Intercourse with an Animal.]</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal since 1971<ref>{{cite web |url= http://yliopistolehti.helsinki.fi/yl14art.htm#a6 |title=Järjettömäin luondocappalden canssa |first=Pekka |last=Kilpinen |work=[[University of Helsinki]] |year=2001 |accessdate=13 July 2014|language=fi}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref name="finlex.fi">{{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L17|title=FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 19.12.1889/39|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2004 (Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine)<ref>[French Penal Code - Chapter one: Serious abuse or acts of cruelty animals. - Article 521-1]</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal, unless the animal is forced<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bverfg.de/e/rk20151208_1bvr186414.html|title=BVerfG, Beschluss der 3. Kammer des Ersten Senats vom 08. Dezember 2015 - 1 BvR 1864/14 - Rn. (1-15)|date=8 December 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Fine or maximum of 3 years in prison)<ref name="dejure.org">{{cite web|url=http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184a.html|title=184a StGB Verbreitung gewalt- oder tierpornographischer Schriften - dejure.org|work=dejure.org|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal (as long as it is not owned with intention of publicizing, sharing or selling)<ref name="dejure.org"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|Ghana}} [[Ghana]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 3 years in prison)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanalegal.com/?id=3&law=19&t=ghana-laws|title=GhanaLegal.com : Welcome - GhanaLegal - Resources for the legal brains|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 10 years in prison and $50,000 fine)<ref name="HongKong">{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/da97f6a8ed400207482564820006b580/1659b5492cc3f751c8256483003225bd?OpenDocument|title=Cap 200 s 118L Bestiality (CRIMES ORDINANCE)|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Fine of 50000 Ft Maximum)
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of life in prison)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTrDgPmgh7MC&pg=PA757&lpg=PA757&dq=Ireland+30.61+sodomy+and+bestiality&source=bl&ots=dlcKghaxUc&sig=XoLmu8jnRCzqY4FpoME67qIwXAU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UkRyUfvxIrix4APJlIGADg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Ireland%2030.61%20sodomy%20and%20bestiality&f=false|title=Criminal Law in Ireland|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 1860<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1836974/|title=Section 377 in The Indian Penal Code|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: First three convictions are punished by ''[[ta'zir]]'' as determined by a judge Fourth offense is the [[death penalty]])<ref>[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngo/NGO_submission_ELEI_Add.1.pdf e. Vaty-e heyvanat va Mayet-e-insan (bestiality and necrophilia), four offenses]</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 20 years in prison, fines, and whipping)<ref>[http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%2012/Act%20574.pdf Buggery with an animal - 377.]</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Namibia}} [[Namibia]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201210110779.html Namibia: Rehoboth Man Arrested for Bestiality]</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2010 (Penalty: Maximum of 1 year in prison and €19,500 fine)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/TweedeBoek/TitelXIV/Artikel254/geldigheidsdatum_24-12-2012|title=wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2010 (Penalty: Maximum imprisonment 6 months or a fine of the third category (€7,800))<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/TweedeBoek/TitelXIV/Artikel254a/geldigheidsdatum_24-12-2012 |title=wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854 |language=nl |publisher=Wetten.overheid.nl |date=2012-12-24 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2010 (Penalty: Maximum imprisonment 6 months or a fine of the third category (€7,800))
|-
|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 7 years in prison Maximum of 3 years in prison)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329260.html|title=Crimes Act 1961|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329261.html|title=Crimes Act 1961|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal
|-
|{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2008<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.regjeringen.no/en/archive/Stoltenbergs-2nd-Government/Ministry-of-Agriculture-and-Food/Nyheter-og-pressemeldinger/nyheter/2009/new-animal-welfare-act-.html?id=562543 |title=New Animal Welfare Act |work=regjeringen.no |date=15 May 2009 |accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=24b_1316867350|title=LiveLeak.com - catholic filipino charged for raping dog he also loves pigs too|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2014}}
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 1997. Defined as a type of animal abuse. (Penalty: Maximum 3 years in prison, donation to animal welfare charity and prohibition of owning an animal for up to 10 years. If done in order to distribute or sell the penalty is increased to a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 8 years in prison)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20112301373 |title=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych |publisher=Isap.sejm.gov.pl |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: minimum of 6 months and maximum 8 years in prison)<ref>[http://www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/Europe/Global_Monitoring_Report-POLAND.pdf Polish Penal Code, Article 202, Section 3. ]</ref>
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal (as long as it is not owned with intention of publicizing, sharing or selling)
|-
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref name="History of Zoophilia and The Law" >{{cite web|url=http://www.lectlaw.com/files/sex04.htm|title=History of Zoophilia and The Law|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-GbOvrbniQC&pg=PT10&lpg=PT10&dq=Romania+zoophilia&source=bl&ots=gnZi9glK_U&sig=nk93rUHdFgCndX9tSae-W1lyVU4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4rGQUcayD4--4AOGp4HQAQ&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBA|title=Bestiality and Zoophilia|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
[[Animal welfare]] is subject to Law 205/2004 on animal protection,<ref>http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/lege_protectia_animalelor.php</ref> but neither this law, nor the [[Penal Code of Romania|penal code]], make any specific reference to zoophilia.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/32411241/denmark-passes-law-to-ban-bestiality</ref>
||[[Image:Emblem-question.svg|15px]] Ambiguous (Law only mentions a ban on "sites with [...] zoophilic content", which are to be blocked by ISPs at the request of the National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communications)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.legi-internet.ro/legislatie-itc/pornografie/legea-1962003-privind-combaterea-pornografiei-republicata.html | title=Legea nr. 196 din 13 mai 2003 privind prevenirea si combaterea pornografiei | accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Yes check.svg|15px]] Legal<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.legi-internet.ro/legislatie-itc/pornografie/legea-1962003-privind-combaterea-pornografiei-republicata.html | title=Legea nr. 196 din 13 mai 2003 privind prevenirea si combaterea pornografiei | accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and fine)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;query=Status%3Acurinforce%20Type%3Aact,sl%20Content%3A%22Sexual%22%20Content%3A%22penetration%22%20Content%3A%22with%22%20Content%3A%22living%22%20Content%3A%22animal%22;rec=0;resUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.agc.gov.sg%2Faol%2Fsearch%2Fsummary%2Fresults.w3p%3Bquery%3DStatus%253Acurinforce%2520Type%253Aact,sl%2520Content%253A%2522Sexual%2522%2520Content%253A%2522penetration%2522%2520Content%253A%2522with%2522%2520Content%253A%2522living%2522%2520Content%253A%2522animal%2522|title=Singapore Statutes Online - 224 - Penal Code|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South Africa]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: determined by judge)<ref>[http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2007-032.pdf Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007], s. 13.</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: maximum 5 years in prison and R200,000 fine)<ref>[http://www.fpb.org.za/profile-fpb/legislation/doc_download/293-films-and-publications-act-no-65 Films and Publications Act 65 of 1996] s. 24A(2) read with s. 18(3)(b)(ii).</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2014 (Penalty : fine, prison up to 2 years, or both)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webpronews.com/sweden-joins-an-increasing-number-of-european-countries-that-ban-bestiality-2013-06|title=Sweden Joins An Increasing Number Of European Countries That Ban Bestiality|work=WebProNews|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/455_1/a16.html|title=SR 455.1 Tierschutzverordnung vom 23. April 2008 (TSchV)|author=Bundeskanzlei - A|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref>See [[Official publications of Switzerland|FJ]] 2000 p. 2981.</ref>
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal
|-
|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal<ref>[http://www.traveltails.com/Updates/update_may2004.htm May 2004 Update from the Land of Randy Pandas] {{wayback|url=http://www.traveltails.com/Updates/update_may2004.htm |date=20110619051044 |df=y }}</ref> No law mentions zoophilia.
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Zoophilic pornography falls within the definition of pornography. Distribution of any pornography is illegal.
||[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2012-04-25/mayaro-labourer-bestiality-charge|title=Mayaro labourer on bestiality charge|work=The Trinidad Guardian Newspaper|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
||[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal
||[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal
||[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal
|-
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 1290 (Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison for conviction on indictment Maximum of 6 months in prison and a fine for summary conviction) Intercourse with an animal (see [[Sexual Offences Act 2003]]<ref name="UKlaw69"/>)
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2008<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/06/16/extreme_pr0n_convictions/ Extreme porn law used on beastly Chinese DVD pirates]</ref> (see [[Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]])
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal since 2008 (see [[Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]])
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]] {{Main|Zoophilia and the law in the United States}}
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] / [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Varies by state, territory, or district.
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] / [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Varies by state, territory, or district.
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] / [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Varies by state, territory, or district.
|-
|{{flagicon|Zambia}} [[Zambia]]
||[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Illegal (Penalty: Maximum of 5 years in prison)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afrol.com/archive/documents/ilga_2000.htm|title=ILGA Africa 2000 Report|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}</ref>
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
||[[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]]
|}

== History ==
{{Main|History of zoophilia}}

== Mentions in the press ==
{{Unreliable sources|section|date=April 2015}}
{{Tone|section|date=March 2014}}

* ''"Freddie the Dolphin"'' (1991, UK) - man accused of masturbating a well known tame [[dolphin]] at sea. Charged with a "lewd act". Acquitted. Expert witnesses testified male dolphins use their [[erection]]s not just sexually, but socially as well, and no sexual inference could be drawn. Judge summing up said of the £30,000 trial cost, "this has been the most expensive lesson in dolphin sociology that he has ever heard of".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.praxagora.com/sierra/flum/9203.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118202339/http://www.praxagora.com/sierra/flum/9203.htm |archivedate=2006-11-18 |title=The Flummery Digest}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2015}}
* [[Kenneth Pinyan]] (2005, USA) - man died following anal penetration by a stallion, which was filmed by his friend. The death led to rapid introduction of laws in Washington state against sex with animals.<ref name="StateLaws"/>{{Failed verification|date=April 2015|reason=Site does not mention incidents, only lists laws.}}
* [[Sudan]] (February 2006) - man caught having sex with a neighbour's [[goat]], is ordered by the council of [[Elder (administrative title)|elders]] to pay the neighbour a [[dowry]] of 15,000 Sudanese dinars ($50) and marry the animal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4748292.stm |title=Africa | Sudan man forced to 'marry' goat |publisher=BBC News |date=2006-02-24 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref>
* [[Cambodia]] (2005) - man caught having a "passionate embrace" in bed with dog, by wife, confessed he loved the dog more and they separated. Cambodian police commented: "As police, we could only solve the problem of his wife then wanting a divorce. We cannot solve the problem of his relationship with his dog, because under Cambodian law it is not strictly illegal... It is amazing, but this husband is not crazy. It seems he is a passionate human being who looked at a dog, and the more he looked, the more passionate he became."<ref name="sciamer"/>{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2015}}
* [[Wisconsin, USA]] (2007) - Bryan James Hathaway was convicted for having sex with a dead deer. The court case raised some interesting legal issues because the statute prohibits sex with animals, but not carcasses. The defence raised the issue that if a dead animal was an animal, at what point would it cease to be an animal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Haines|first=Lester|title=Sex with dead deer is illegal, US man finds|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/22/deer_man_convicted/|newspaper=The Register|date=22 March 2007}}</ref>
* [[Kansas|Kansas, USA]] (2012) - Joshua Coman was convicted in Kansas of criminal sodomy (a misdemeanor), but the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that he did not have to register as a sex offender.<ref name="kansaslaw2">{{cite web|last=Rabiner |first=Stephanie |url=http://blogs.findlaw.com/legally_weird/2012/04/dog-molester-wont-have-to-register-as-sex-offender.html |title=Dog Molester Won't Have to Register as Sex Offender - Legally Weird |publisher=Blogs.findlaw.com |date=2012-04-06 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref><ref name="statecoman">{{cite web|url=http://www.kscourts.org/cases-and-opinions/opinions/ctapp/2009/20090828/100494.htm |title=100494 - State v. Coman - Greene - Kansas Court of Appeals |publisher=Kscourts.org |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref>
* [[Vancouver, Canada]] (2012) - Brian Cutteridge, bestiality proponent, was arrested after the SPCA claims to have a video of him engaging in sex with one of his dogs.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2012/02/26/bc-vancouver-bestiality.html | work=CBC News | title=Vancouver man faces bestiality charge | date=26 February 2012}}</ref>
* [[Phoenix, Arizona|Arizona, USA]] (2012) - Sarah Dae Walker and her husband pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit bestiality in a case where Craigslist was used.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.kpho.com/story/18895998/pair-plead-guilty-in-craigslist-bestiality-case | work=CBS 5 | title=Pair plead guilty in Craigslist bestiality case | date=28 June 2012}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Animal trial]]
* [[Human–animal marriage]]
* [[Legal status of internet pornography]]
* [[Sexual norm]]
* [[Social norm]]
* [[Sodomy law]]
* [[Sudanese goat marriage incident]]
* [[Zoophilia]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Zoosexuality}}
{{Sexual ethics}}
{{law country lists}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zoosexuality And The Law}}
[[Category:Animal rights]]
[[Category:Sex laws]]
[[Category:Zoophilia]]

Zoophilia Wiki - User contributions [en]

Legality of bestiality by country or territory