Zoophilia Wiki - User contributions [en]

Template:Zoophilia

2014-05-25T14:41:42Z

72.73.252.8: Fixed redirect link

{{Navbox
| name = Zoophilia
| title = [[Zoophilia]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| listclass = hlist

| group1 = Zoophilia
| list1 =
*[[Animal sexual behaviour|Animal sexuality]]
*[[Anthropophilia]]
*[[Formicophilia]]
*[[History of zoophilia]]
*[[Human–animal marriage]]
*[[Ophidiophilia]]
*[[Zoophilia and health]]
*[[Zoophilia and the law]]
**[[Zoophilia and the law in the United States]]
*[[Zoosadism]]
*[[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Bestiality|Zoophilia in Ancient Rome]]

| group2 = Related subjects
| list2 =
*[[Animal cognition]]
*[[Animal communication]]
*[[Animal consciousness]]
*[[Animal-liberation movement|Animal liberation movement]]
*[[Animal rights]]
*[[Animal welfare]]
*[[Anthrozoology]]
*[[Cetacean intelligence]]
*[[Dog intelligence]]
*[[Emotion in animals]]
*[[Ethology]]
*[[Exogamy]]
*[[Great Ape personhood]]
*[[Hani Miletski]]
*[[Human exceptionalism]]
*[[Human bonding#Human–animal bonding|Human-animal bonding]]
*[[Human-animal communication]]
*[[Human-animal studies]]
*[[Humanzee]]
*[[Parahuman]]
*[[Pet]]
*[[Peter Singer]]
*[[Posthumanism]]
*[[Sexual ethics]]
*[[Sexual norm]]
*[[Sodomy]]
*[[Speciesism]]
*[[Stereotypes of animals]]

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Sex and sexuality templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Zoophilia

2014-05-25T03:46:15Z

72.73.252.8: Removed double link

{{Navbox
| name = Zoophilia
| title = [[Zoophilia]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| listclass = hlist

| group1 = Zoophilia
| list1 =
*[[Animal sexual behaviour|Animal sexuality]]
*[[Anthropophilia in animals]]
*[[Formicophilia]]
*[[History of zoophilia]]
*[[Human–animal marriage]]
*[[Ophidiophilia]]
*[[Zoophilia and health]]
*[[Zoophilia and the law]]
**[[Zoophilia and the law in the United States]]
*[[Zoosadism]]
*[[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Bestiality|Zoophilia in Ancient Rome]]

| group2 = Related subjects
| list2 =
*[[Animal cognition]]
*[[Animal communication]]
*[[Animal consciousness]]
*[[Animal-liberation movement|Animal liberation movement]]
*[[Animal rights]]
*[[Animal welfare]]
*[[Anthrozoology]]
*[[Cetacean intelligence]]
*[[Dog intelligence]]
*[[Emotion in animals]]
*[[Ethology]]
*[[Exogamy]]
*[[Great Ape personhood]]
*[[Hani Miletski]]
*[[Human exceptionalism]]
*[[Human bonding#Human–animal bonding|Human-animal bonding]]
*[[Human-animal communication]]
*[[Human-animal studies]]
*[[Humanzee]]
*[[Parahuman]]
*[[Pet]]
*[[Peter Singer]]
*[[Posthumanism]]
*[[Sexual ethics]]
*[[Sexual norm]]
*[[Sodomy]]
*[[Speciesism]]
*[[Stereotypes of animals]]

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Sex and sexuality templates]]
</noinclude>

Zoosadism

2014-05-25T03:41:41Z

72.73.252.8: /* External links */ added templates

{{Original research|date=November 2007}}
'''Zoosadism''' is [[pleasure]] (sometimes [[Human sexuality#Sexual pleasure|sexual pleasure]]) derived from [[cruelty to animals]]. Zoosadism is part of the [[Macdonald triad]], a set of three behaviors that are a precursor to [[Psychopathy|sociopathic behavior]].<ref name=macdonald>{{cite journal|author=J. M. MacDonald|title=The Threat to Kill|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=120|issue=2|pages=125–130|year=1963}}</ref> The term was coined by [[Ernest Borneman]].

==Research==

Schedel-Stupperich (2001) state that some [[horse-ripping]] incidences have a sexual connection, and in general, the link between [[Sadomasochism|sadistic]] sexual acts with animals and sadistic practices with humans or lust murders has been heavily researched. Some murderers [[tortured]] animals in their childhood, with some of them also practicing [[bestiality]]. Ressler et al. (1988) found that 36% of sexual murderers described themselves as having abused animals during childhood, with 46% of them reporting that they had abused animals during adolescence, and (1986) that eight of their sample of thirty-six sexual murderers showed an interest in [[zoosexual]] acts.

In 1971, American researchers profiled the typical animal harmer as being a nine-and-a-half-year-old boy, with an [[Intelligence quotient|I.Q.]] of 91 and a history of [[Child abuse|gross parental abuse]]. The UK "[[Young Abusers Project]]" sees children as young as five who have a record of sexual offences or "extremely" violent behavior. Of such people, child psychiatrist Dr Eileen Vizard, commented:
{{quote|"They stomp on small hamsters or mice. Squeeze them or burst them, set fire to their fur. Gratuitous cruelty for which there can be no justification."<ref name=bbc20000509>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The chain of cruelty | work = | publisher = BBC News | date = 9 May 2000 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/741856.stm | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref>}}

Dr Vizard commented:
{{quote|"…cruelty to animals, if accompanied by a sexual interest in animals, is a high-risk indicator of a future sex offender."<ref name=bbc20000509/>}}

Studies have shown that individuals who enjoy or are willing to inflict harm on animals are more likely to do so to humans. One of the known warning signs of certain psychopathologies, including [[antisocial personality disorder]], is a history of torturing pets and small animals. According to the ''[[New York Times]]'':
{{quote|"the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] has found that a history of cruelty to animals is one of the traits that regularly appear in its computer records of [[Serial rape|serial rapists]] and [[Serial killer|murderers]], and the standard diagnostic and treatment manual for psychiatric and emotional disorders lists cruelty to animals as a diagnostic criterion for [[conduct disorder]]s."<ref>{{Cite news | last = Goleman | first = Daniel | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Child's Love of Cruelty May Hint at the Future Killer | newspaper = New York Times | pages = | year = | date = 7 August 1991 | url = | postscript =  }}</ref>}}

Alan R. Felthous reported in his paper "Aggression Against Cats, Dogs, and People" (1980) that
{{quote|"A survey of psychiatric patients who had repeatedly tortured dogs and cats found all of them had high levels of aggression toward people as well, including one patient who had murdered a boy."<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Felthous | first = Alan R. | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Aggression Against Cats, Dogs, and People | journal = Child Psychiatry and Human Development | volume = | issue = 10 | pages = 169–177 | date = | year = 1980 | url = | doi = | id = | postscript =  }}</ref>}}

This is a commonly reproduced finding, and for this reason, violence (including sexually oriented violence) toward animals is considered a serious warning sign of potential serious violence towards humans.

==Legal status==
In the [[United States]], since 2010, it has been a federal offense to create or distribute "obscene" depictions of "living non-human mammals, birds, reptiles, or amphibians ... subjected to serious bodily injury".<ref>[[Ruthann Robson|Robson, Ruthann]] (2010-12-14) [http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/conlaw/2010/12/animal-porn-criminalized-by-federal-law-again.html Animal Porn - Criminalized by Federal Law Again], ''Constitutional Law Prof Blog''</ref> This statute replaced an overly broad 1999 statute<ref>[http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/48.html US Code TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 3 > § 48]</ref> which was found unconstitutional in ''[[United States v. Stevens]]''.

==Insects==
Zoosadism towards [[insect]]s is also exhibited by some. The classic example of this subvariety of "schoolyard viciousness" is the child who pulls off a fly's wings. The [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] writer [[Plutarch]], in his ''[[Parallel Lives]]'', claims that the Emperor [[Domitian]] amused himself by catching flies and impaling them with needles.

==Notable zoosadists==
* [[Dennis Rader]]
* [[Luka Magnotta]]
* [[2002 Japan animal cruelty case|Jun Matsubara]]
* [[Kenny Glenn]]
* [[Jim Jones]]
* [[Henry Lee Lucas]]
* [[Ottis Toole]]
* [[John Duffy and David Mulcahy]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/animalrights/story/0,11917,1546812,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Childhood cruelty to animals may signal violence in future | first=Rosie | last=Cowan | date=11 August 2005 | accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref>
* [[Richard Chase]]<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/chase/index_1.html CrimeLibrary.com/Serial Killers/Truly Weird & Shocking/Richard Trenton Chase: The Vampire of Sacramento]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Animal abuse]]
* [[Bearbaiting]]
* [[Bloodsport]]
* [[Cat-burning]]
* [[Cruelty to animals]]
* [[Crush film]]
* [[Zoophilia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.forensicnursemag.com/articles/411clinical.html Four-legged Forensics: What Forensic Nurses Need to Know and Do About Animal Cruelty]

{{zoophilia}}
{{paraphilia}}

[[Category:Paraphilias]]
[[Category:Animal welfare]]
[[Category:Zoophilia]]
[[Category:Abuse]]
[[Category:Cruelty to animals]]

Human–animal marriage

2014-05-25T03:39:49Z

72.73.252.8: /* External links */ added templates

'''Human–animal marriage''' is not recognized in law by any country, although attempts by humans to [[marriage|marry]] animals have been recorded.

==Historical cases==
===Cat===
In May 2010, a [[Germany|German]] married his cat when he was told by his vet that the animal would soon die.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8658327.stm | work= BBC | title= German man 'marries' his dying cat | date = 2010-05-03}}</ref>

In June 2013, fashion designer [[Karl Lagerfeld]] announced that he wished to marry his cat [[Choupette]]. He said in an interview with [[CNN]], "There is no marriage, yet, for human beings and animals… I never thought that I would fall in love like this with a cat."<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/karl-lagerfeld-says-he-wants-to-get-married-to-his-cat-8640689.html |title=Karl Lagerfeld says he wants to get married... to his cat|work=[[The Independent]]|date=1 June 2013|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

===Cow===
In June 2010, 18 year old [[Indonesia]]n man, Ngurah Alit, was forced to marry his cow after he was found having sex with it. The man had believed the cow to be a beautiful woman.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/bali-teenager-passes-out-marrying-cow-he-had-sex-with/ | title= Bali Teenager Passes Out Marrying Cow He Had Sex With | date=12 June 2010|work= [[Jakarta Globe]]|accessdate= 7 October 2013}}</ref> He then became a widower when the cow was drowned in the sea to symbolically cleanse the village of the act of [[bestiality]] committed there.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://metro.co.uk/2010/06/14/man-forced-to-marry-cow-faints-at-wedding-387781/|title=Man forced to marry cow faints at wedding|date=14 June 2010|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)]]|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

===Dog===
In June 2003, a nine-year-old [[India]]n girl of the [[Santhal people|Santal]] (or 'Santhal') tribe of [[Khanyhan]], near [[Calcutta]] was formally married to a dog, in order to ward off a bad [[omen]]. The wedding was attended by more than one hundred guests, who danced to the beating of drums and drank home-made liquor. The girl told [[Western world|Western]] press, "I have no regret in marrying the dog. I will take care of this dog who was stray and survived on left-overs," tribal elders added she was free to remarry a human in future as an adult.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3004930.stm | work=BBC News | title=Girl weds dog to break 'evil spell' | date= 2003-06-19}}</ref>

In November 2007 a man in southern India married a female dog in a traditional Hindu ceremony as an attempt to atone for stoning two other dogs to death – an act he believes cursed him. Selvakumar, 33, told the paper he had been suffering since he stoned two dogs to death and hung their bodies from a tree 15 years prior.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21768663/ | title = Man in India marries dog as atonement | newspaper = MSNBC | publisher = MSN}}.</ref>

In February 2009 an [[infant]] boy was married off to his neighbors' dog in eastern India by villagers who said it will stop the groom from being killed by wild animals. The boy will still be able to marry a human bride in the future without filing for divorce.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29259293/ | title = Indian boy marries dog to ward off tigers | newspaper = MSNBC | publisher = MSN}}.</ref>

In December 2010 an [[Australia]]n man married his best friend, a five-year-old [[Labrador]].<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.newser.com/story/106664/australian-guy-marries-his-dog.html | work=Newser | title= Australian Guy Marries His Dog | date=2010-12-06}}</ref>

In February 2011 a [[Ghana| Ghanaian]] women Emily Mabou, 29, married an 18-month-old dog; the ceremony was attended by a traditional priest and local villagers.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=202316 | work=Ghana Web | title=Woman Marries Dog In Ghana | date= 2011-01-11}}</ref>

===Dolphin===
In January 2006, [[British people|British]] woman Sharon Tendler in Israel married Cindy, a [[male]] [[bottlenose dolphin]]. Cindy was taken in 1990 from the [[Black Sea]] to the Dolphin Reef [[dolphinarium]] in [[Eilat, Israel]], in the [[Gulf of Aqaba]].<ref>[http://www.dolphinreef.co.il/Default.aspx?tabid=27 Dolphin Reef website]</ref> There, Tendler saw him during a show. She continued visiting for 15 years before she requested permission for the "wedding" in 2005.<ref name="TheAge">{{Citation | place = [[Australia |AU]] | url = http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/woman-weds-dolphin/2005/12/30/1135732715098.html | title = Woman weds dolphin | newspaper = [[The Age]] | date = December 30, 2005}}.</ref> Permission was granted and the ceremony was held on December 28 of that year.<ref name= "Anova">{{Citation | url = http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_1664667.html | title = Woman marries Dolphin | newspaper = [[Anova]]}}{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref> Tendler stated that "the peace and tranquility under water, and his love, would calm me down,"<ref name=TheAge/> and that she loved him.<ref name=TheAge2/> Tendler herself admitted that the marriage had no legal standing<ref name="TheAge2">{{Citation | url = http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/woman-marries-dolphin/2006/01/01/1136050339590.html | title = Woman marries dolphin | newspaper = [[The Age]] | place = AU | date = January 2, 2006}}.</ref> and that the ceremony was, in her own words, "a bit of fun" after her friends joked about her being single at the age of 41.<ref name="IlfordRecorder">{{Citation | url = http://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/content/redbridge/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=RECOnline&category=newsIlford&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newsilford&itemid=WeED05%20Jan%202006%2012%3A19%3A50%3A420 | title = Fishy tale of woman who 'wed' dolphin | newspaper = Ilford Recorder | date = January 5, 2006}}.{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref> The marriage was non-exclusive. Cindy was the father of all of the dolphins born in the sea,<ref name="Ynetnews">{{Citation | url = http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3264387,00.html | title = Dolphin married to British Jew dies | newspaper = [[Ynetnews]] | date = June 18, 2006}}.</ref> and Tendler kept open the option of "marrying human", but was strictly a "one dolphin woman".<ref name=TheAge2/> As Cindy is normally a woman's name, it has been mistakenly stated that the marriage was a [[same-sex marriage]].<ref name = "OReilly">{{Citation | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,180673,00.html | title = Talking Points: The Most Ridiculous Item of the Day | author-link = Bill O'Reilly (commentator)| first = William ‘Bill’ | last = O'Reilly | newspaper = [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] | date = January 6, 2006}}.</ref> After three weeks of poor health, Cindy died on June 18, 2006, less than a year after the marriage.<ref name =Ynetnews />

===Goat===
{{Main |Sudanese goat marriage incident}}
In February 2006 a [[Sudan]]ese man named Charles Tombe caught having sex with a neighbour's [[goat]] which was subsequently nicknamed [[Rose (goat)| Rose]], was ordered by the council of [[Elder (administrative title) | elder]]s to pay the neighbour a [[dowry]] of 15,000 Sudanese dinars ($75) and marry the animal.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4748292.stm | work = BBC News | title= Sudan man forced to 'marry' goat | date = 2006-02-24 | accessdate= 2010-05-04}}</ref>

===Horse===
In May 1998 the ''[[The Jerry Springer Show]]'' had an episode titled "I Married a Horse!". The show was ultimately not aired by many stations on the planned date, apparently due to concerns about the acceptability of broadcasting an episode in which a man admitted to a long term emotional and sexual relationship of this kind. The man and his horse later participated in a British documentary on the subject.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cincypost.com/living/1998/spring052198.html|title=Springer's latest: 'I Married a Horse'|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|publisher=[[E. W. Scripps Company]]|date=1998-05-21|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040406093707/http://www.cincypost.com/living/1998/spring052198.html|archivedate=2004-04-06}}</ref>

===Snake===
In June 2006 an [[India]]n woman from [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Orissa]], fell in love with a snake and was married to it at a "traditional Hindu wedding celebrated by 2,000 guests".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-02/india/27825949_1_snake-orissa-woman-marriage|title=Orissa woman marries snake|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 June 2006|accessdate=8 October 2013}}</ref> She claimed that a bond of understanding existed between the two. The woman had previously been ill, and recovered upon offering milk to the snake, at which time she fell in love. She later "converted to the animal-loving vegetarian [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnav]] sect whose local elders gave her permission to marry the [[cobra]].".<ref>{{cite news|title=Charmed woman marries snake !|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM11/Charmed-woman-marries-snake/Article1-104879.aspx|accessdate=13 October 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=June 2, 2006|agency=Agence France-Presse|location=Bhubaneswar}}</ref> A 2007 investigation by ''[[Harper's]]'' magazine journalist [[Mischa Berlinski]] suggested that the snake may not even have existed, and that the incident may have been stage-managed as part of a local power struggle between Vaishnav religious leaders.<ref>Mischa Berlinski, "Woman marries snake: A peculiar Indian love story", ''Harper's'', Nov. 2007, pp 41–52.</ref>

==Folklore, myth, and popular culture==
A [[Culture of China|Chinese]] folktale, sometimes known as ''The Silkworm'', tells how [[silk]] originated following the King's daughter spiritually marrying a horse, in completion of a promise made in times of trouble. In the tale, the princess was reborn as a [[silkworm]], a creature whose appearance and mannerisms superficially were said to resemble that of a horse. (From Chonsol Ttara Samch'olli, retold by Heinz Insu Fenkl) <ref>[http://www.worldoftales.com/Asian_folktales/Chinese_Folktale_36.html The Girl with the Horse's Head or the Silkworm Goddess]</ref>

A [[Cheyenne]] myth "The Girl Who Married a Dog", states that the group of seven stars known as the [[Pleiades]] originated from seven puppies which a Cheyenne chief's daughter gave birth to after mysteriously being visited by a dog in human form to whom she vowed "Wherever you go, I go".<ref>[http://www.native-languages.org/cheyennestory3.htm The Girl Who Married A Dog]</ref>

In some parts of [[Celt]]ic [[Ireland]], Sudan (often called "sacred kings") had to wed the local [[goddess]] of the land. A [[druid]]ess was usually chosen to represent the land goddess as the king's wife, but one mythological king in [[Donegal]] is said to have married a horse, a representative of their local [[goddess]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C0116903/society/classes.htm|title= Celtic Social Classes |publisher=Roots of the Ancients|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Human-animal bonding]]
* [[Speciesism]]
* [[Anthrozoology]]
* [[Zoophilia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheGirlWhoMarriedADog-Cheyenne.html A Cheyenne Legend] First People – The Legends
* [http://www.angelfire.com/ca/Indian/GirlMarriedDog.html The Girl Who Married a Dog] (Cheyenne)

{{zoophilia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Human-Animal Marriage}}
[[Category:Human–animal interaction|Marriage]]
[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Types of marriage]]

Formicophilia

2014-05-25T03:39:14Z

72.73.252.8: /* References */ added template

[[File:Formiga 050806 134.jpg|thumb|Ant on human flesh]]
'''Formicophilia''', a form of [[zoophilia]], is the sexual interest in being crawled upon or nibbled by small insects, such as ants.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Dewaraja | first = R | year = 1987 | title = Formicophilia, an unusual paraphilia, treated with counseling and behavior therapy | journal = American Journal of Psychotherapy | volume = 41 | pages = 593–597 | pmid = 3434651 | issue = 4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Dewaraja | first = R | coauthors = [[John Money|Money J]] | year = 1986 | title = Transcultural sexology: Formicophilia, a newly named paraphilia in a young Buddhist male | journal = Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy | volume = 12 | pages = 139–145 | pmid = 3723604 | issue = 2 | doi=10.1080/00926238608415401}}</ref> This [[paraphilia]] often involves the application of insects to the genitals, but other areas of the body may also be the focus. The desired effect may be a tickling or stinging sensation, or the infliction of psychological distress on another person.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices |last=Love |first=Brenda |authorlink=Brenda Love |year=1992 |publisher=Barricade Books |location=Fort Lee, NJ |isbn=1-56980-011-1 |page=301}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{paraphilia}}
{{zoophilia}}
[[Category:Zoophilia]]
[[Category:Paraphilias]]

{{insect-stub}}
{{psych-stub}}
{{sex-stub}}

Template:Zoophilia

2014-05-25T03:36:08Z

72.73.252.8: Removed redundent link

{{Navbox
| name = Zoophilia
| title = [[Zoophilia]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| listclass = hlist

| group1 = Zoophilia
| list1 =
*[[Animal sexuality]]
*[[Anthropophilia in animals]]
*[[Formicophilia]]
*[[History of zoophilia]]
*[[Human-animal marriage]]
*[[Ophidiophilia]]
*[[Zoophilia]]
*[[Zoophilia and health]]
*[[Zoophilia and the law]]
**[[Zoophilia and the law in the United States]]
*[[Zoosadism]]
*[[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Bestiality|Zoophilia in Ancient Rome]]

| group2 = Related subjects
| list2 =
*[[Animal cognition]]
*[[Animal communication]]
*[[Animal consciousness]]
*[[Animal-liberation movement|Animal liberation movement]]
*[[Animal rights]]
*[[Animal welfare]]
*[[Anthrozoology]]
*[[Cetacean intelligence]]
*[[Dog intelligence]]
*[[Emotion in animals]]
*[[Ethology]]
*[[Exogamy]]
*[[Great Ape personhood]]
*[[Hani Miletski]]
*[[Human exceptionalism]]
*[[Human bonding#Human–animal bonding|Human-animal bonding]]
*[[Human-animal communication]]
*[[Human-animal studies]]
*[[Humanzee]]
*[[Parahuman]]
*[[Pet]]
*[[Peter Singer]]
*[[Posthumanism]]
*[[Sexual ethics]]
*[[Sexual norm]]
*[[Sodomy]]
*[[Speciesism]]
*[[Stereotypes of animals]]

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Sex and sexuality templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Zoophilia

2014-05-25T03:35:03Z

72.73.252.8: Corrcted template

{{Navbox
| name = Zoophilia
| title = [[Zoophilia]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| listclass = hlist

| group1 = [[Zoophilia]]
| list1 =
*[[Animal sexuality]]
*[[Anthropophilia in animals]]
*[[Formicophilia]]
*[[History of zoophilia]]
*[[Human-animal marriage]]
*[[Ophidiophilia]]
*[[Zoophilia]]
*[[Zoophilia and health]]
*[[Zoophilia and the law]]
**[[Zoophilia and the law in the United States]]
*[[Zoosadism]]
*[[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Bestiality|Zoophilia in Ancient Rome]]

| group2 = Related subjects
| list2 =
*[[Animal cognition]]
*[[Animal communication]]
*[[Animal consciousness]]
*[[Animal-liberation movement|Animal liberation movement]]
*[[Animal rights]]
*[[Animal welfare]]
*[[Anthrozoology]]
*[[Cetacean intelligence]]
*[[Dog intelligence]]
*[[Emotion in animals]]
*[[Ethology]]
*[[Exogamy]]
*[[Great Ape personhood]]
*[[Hani Miletski]]
*[[Human exceptionalism]]
*[[Human bonding#Human–animal bonding|Human-animal bonding]]
*[[Human-animal communication]]
*[[Human-animal studies]]
*[[Humanzee]]
*[[Parahuman]]
*[[Pet]]
*[[Peter Singer]]
*[[Posthumanism]]
*[[Sexual ethics]]
*[[Sexual norm]]
*[[Sodomy]]
*[[Speciesism]]
*[[Stereotypes of animals]]

}}<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Sex and sexuality templates]]
</noinclude>

History of retardation

2014-05-25T03:34:14Z

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The '''history of [[zoophilia]]''' (also known as '''bestiality''') begins in the [[Prehistory|prehistoric era]], where depictions of humans and animals in a sexual context appear infrequently in European [[rock art]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bahn|first=Paul G.|title=The Cambridge illustrated history of prehistoric art|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-45473-5|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xwm_D1u_UTsC&pg=PA188&dq|accessdate=18 February 2012|page=188}}</ref> Bestiality remained a theme in [[mythology]] and [[folklore]] through the classical period and into the Middle Ages (e.g. the Greek myth of [[Leda and the Swan]])<ref name="HSE" /> and several ancient authors purported to document it as a regular, accepted practice – albeit usually in "other" cultures.

Explicit legal prohibition of human sexual contact with animals is a legacy of the [[Abrahamic religions]]:<ref name="HSE" /> the [[Hebrew Bible]] imposes the death penalty on both the person and animal involved in an act of bestiality.<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|20:15|131}}</ref> There are several examples known from medieval Europe of people and animals executed for committing bestiality. With the [[Age of Enlightenment]], bestiality was subsumed with other sexual "[[crimes against nature]]" into civil [[sodomy]] laws, usually remaining a capital crime.

Bestiality remains [[Zoophilia and the law|illegal in most countries]] and condoned in none. Though religious and "crime against nature" arguments may still be used to justify this, today the central issue is the ability of non-human animals to give [[consent]]: it is argued that sex with animals is inherently [[Sexual abuse|abusive]].<ref>Regan, Tom. ''Animal Rights, Human Wrongs''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, pp. 63-4, 89.</ref> In common with many [[paraphilia]]s, the [[internet]] has allowed the formation of a [[Zoophilia#Zoophile community|zoophile community]] that has begun to lobby for zoophilia or zoosexuality to be considered an alternative sexuality and for the legalisation of bestiality.<ref>{{cite news|last=Francis|first=Thomas|title=Those Who Practice Bestiality Say They're Part of the Next Sexual Rights Movement|url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2009-08-20/news/those-who-practice-bestiality-say-they-re-part-of-the-next-gay-rights-movement/|accessdate=18 February 2012|newspaper=Broward Palm Beach New Times|date=20 August 2009}}</ref>

==Prehistory==
Depictions of human sexual activity with animals appear infrequently in [[prehistoric art]]. Possibly the oldest depiction, and the only known example from the [[Palaeolithic]] (prior to the [[Neolithic revolution|domestication of animals]]), is found in the [[Côa Valley Paleolithic Art|Vale do Côa]] in [[Portugal]]. It shows a man with an exaggerated, erect penis juxtaposed with a goat. However, there is some doubt that the two figures are contemporary; while the goat is depicted in characteristic palaeolithic style, the scene may have been altered in a later period with the insertion of the human figure.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Angulo Cuesta|first=J.|last2=García Diez|first2=M.|title=Diversity and meaning of Palaeolithic phallic male representations in Western Europe|journal=Actas Urol Esp|year=2006|volume=30|issue=3|pages=254–267|url=http://www.actasurologicas.info/v30/n03/ENG/3003OR02.htm}}</ref>

From the [[Neolithic]] onwards, images of zoophilia are slightly more common. Examples are found at ''Coren del Valento'', a cave in [[Val Camonica]], [[Italy]], containing [[rock art]] dating from 10,000 BCE to as late as the [[Middle Ages]], one depicting a man penetrating a horse,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Anati|first=E.|title=The Way of Life Recorded in the Rock Art of Valcamonica|journal=Adoranten|year=2008|issue=2008|url=http://www.ssfpa.se/pdf/2008/anati_adorant08.pdf|publisher=Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art}}</ref> and [[Sagaholm]], a [[Bronze Age]] [[cairn]] in [[Sweden]] where several [[petroglyphs]] have been found with similar scenes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sagaholm|url=http://home.online.no/~wen-mja/ontherocks/sagaholm.htm|work=On the rocks|accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref>

==Classical antiquity==
[[File:Leda.jpg|thumb|right|Leda and the Swan]]
[[File:Pan goat MAN Napoli Inv27709 n01.jpg|thumb|right|Satyr and Goat]]
Several [[Greek mythology|Greek myths]] include the God [[Zeus]] seducing or abducting favoured mortals while in the form of an animal: [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] and the bull, [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]] and the eagle, and [[Leda and the Swan]].<ref name="HSE">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Cornog |first1=M. |last2=Perper |first2=T. |year=1994 |title=Bestiality |editor1-last=Haeberle |editor1-first=E. J. |editor2-last=Bullough |editor2-first=B. L. |editor3-last=Bullough |editor4-last=B. |encyclopedia=Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Garland |location=New York & London |url=http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/SEN/CH06.HTM#b3-BESTIALITY |accessdate=18 February 2012 }}</ref> Only the latter legend includes actual copulation between Lena and Zeus in his animal form, but depictions of this act, fairly uncommon in antiquity, became a popular motif in classicising [[Renaissance]] art, contributing to a lasting prominence in [[Western culture]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bull|first=M.|title=The Mirror of the Gods, How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-521923-6}}</ref>
[[File:Zoophilia.jpg|thumb|right|Zoophilia carving on Rock with Old Kannada script engraved at [[Kedareshvara Temple, Balligavi]]]]

Various classical writers recorded that bestiality was common in other cultures. [[Herodotus]] was followed by [[Pindar]], [[Strabo]] and [[Plutarch]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} in alleging that [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] women engaged in sexual relations with goats for religious and magical purposes - the animal aspects of Egyptian deities being particularly alien to the Greco–Roman world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ray|first=J. D.|title=The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-515401-6|editor=Redford, D. B.|accessdate=18 February 2012|page=90|chapter=Animal Cults}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Leavitt|first=J.|title=Greek and Egyptian Mythologies|year=1992|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=978-0-226-06454-3|editor=Bonnefoy, Y.|page=248|chapter=The Cults of Isis among the Greeks and in the Roman Empire}}</ref> Conversely, Plutarch and [[Virgil]] make similar accusations of the Greeks, with Plutarch writing in his ''Discourse on the Reason of Beasts'' that they committed "very frequently and in many places great outrages, disorders and scandals against nature, in the matter of this pleasure of love; for there are men who have loved she-goats, sows and mares."

Despite their place in mythology and literature, actual acts of bestiality was probably as uncommon in antiquity as they are today.<ref name="HSE" /> [[Roman law|Roman civil law]], however, made no mention of it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Norton|first=R.|title=Of Sodomy and Bestiality|url=http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1729disn.htm|work=Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook|accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref> The explicit prohibition of and strict penalties for zoophilia universal in later European legal systems were derived from Jewish and Christian tradition.<ref name="HSE" /> The [[Hebrew Bible]] imposes the death penalty on both the human and animal parties involved in an act of bestiality: "if a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal."<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|20:15|131}}</ref> The [[Synod of Ancyra]] in 313–316 discussed the position of the church with regard to bestiality at length and two of the resulting twenty-five canons addressed it: the sixteenth canon described the [[penance]] and level of restrictions to be applied to various age groups for committing bestiality; the seventeenth canon prohibited all [[leper]]s from praying inside church if they had committed bestiality while they suffered from leprosy.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE COUNCIL OF ANCYRA, HISTORICAL NOTE & CANONS|url=http://www.synaxis.org/canon/ECF37THE_COUNCIL_OF_ANCYRA_HISTORICAL.htm|accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref>

[[Hittite laws | Hittite law]] mandated the death penalty for intercourse with animals, excluding horses and mules (violators were instead barred from the priesthood and from approaching the king).<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/1650nesilim.asp The Code of the Nesilim, c. 1650-1500 BCE] Retrieved 24 July 2013</ref>

==Europe: Middle Ages==
In the Church-oriented culture of the [[Middle Ages]], zoosexual activity was met with execution, typically burning, and death to the animals involved either the same way or by hanging. Masters comments that:
:"Theologians, bowing to Biblical prohibitions and basing their judgements on the conception of man as a spiritual being and of the animal as a merely carnal one, have regarded the same phenomenon as both a violation of Biblical edicts and a degradation of man, with the result that the act of bestiality has been castigated and [[anathema]]tized [...]"

In 1468, Jean Beisse, accused of bestiality with a cow on one occasion and a goat on another, was first hanged, then burned. The animals involved were also burned. In 1539, Guillaume Garnier, charged with intercourse with a female dog (described as "sodomy"), was ordered strangled after he confessed under [[torture]]. The dog was burned, along with the trial records which were "too horrible and potentially dangerous to be permitted to exist" (Masters). In 1601, [[Claudine de Culam]], a young girl of sixteen, was convicted of copulating with a dog. Both the girl and the dog were first hanged, and finally burned. In 1735, François Borniche was charged with sexual intercourse with animals. It was greatly feared that "his infamous debauches may corrupt the young men." He was imprisoned, and there is no record of his release.

On the other hand, other accounts are more possibly fictitious, such as [[Pietro Damiani]]'s, who in his "De bono religiosi status et variorum animatium tropologia" (11th Century) tells of a Count Gulielmus whose pet ape became his wife's lover. One day the ape became "mad with jealousy" on seeing the count lying with his wife that it fatally attacked him. Damiani claims he was told about this incident by [[Pope Alexander II]] and shown an offspring claimed to be that of the ape and woman. (Illustrated Book of Sexual Records)

Clergyman and chronicler [[Gerald of Wales]] claimed to have witnessed a man having intercourse with a horse as part of a [[pagan]] ritual in Ireland.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_/ai_n12800341 Last Night's Television: Always let a sleeping pagan lie]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2004/jul/20/television.artsfeatures | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Please, please tell me now | date=July 20, 2004 | accessdate=May 4, 2010 | first=Nancy | last=Banks-Smith}}</ref>

Although thousands of female [[witch]]es were accused of having sex with animals, usually said to be the [[Devil]] in animal form or their [[Familiar spirit|familiars]], court records available in Europe and the United States, dating back to the 14th century and continuing into the 20th century, nearly always show males, rather than females, as the human parties in court cases. (Encyclopedia of human sexuality, Humboldt University)

{{See|Demons and animals|Animal trial}}

==See also==
* [[Humanzee]]
* [[Anthrozoology]]
* [[History of sex]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* Marie-Christine Anest: ''Zoophilie, homosexualite, rites de passage et initiation masculine dans la Greece contemporaine'' (Zoophilia, homosexuality, rites of passage and male initiation in contemporary Greece)'' (1994), ISBN 2-7384-2146-6
* Dubois-Dessaule: ''Etude Sur la Bestiality au point de Vue Historique (The Study of Bestiality from the Historical, Medical and Legal Viewpoint)'' (Paris, 1905)
* Gaston Dubois-Desaulle: ''Bestiality: An Historical, Medical, Legal, and Literary Study'', University Press of the Pacific (November 1, 2003), ISBN 1-4102-0947-4 (Paperback Ed.)
* Hans Hentig Ph.D.: ''Soziologie der Zoophilen Neigung (Sociology of the Zoophile Preference)'' (1962)
* Bronisław Malinowski:<br>''The Trobriand Islands'' (1915)<br> ''The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia'' (1929)
* Robson, ''Bestiality and Bestial Rape in Greek Myth'', 1997, S. Deacy and K. F. Pearce (edd.), Rape in Antiquity, Duckworth, 65-96
* Voget, F. W. (1961) Sex life of the American Indians, in Ellis, A. & Abarbanel, A. (Eds.) The Encyclopaedia of Sexual Behavior, Volume 1. London: W. Heinemann, p90-109
*Holy Scriptures-Ezekiel 23:28
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[[Category:Zoophilia]]
[[Category:Zoophilia in culture]]