Zoosadism

2016-08-11T13:00:45Z

90.199.162.171: /* Notable zoosadists */Added another know individual

'''Zoosadism''' is [[pleasure]] derived from [[cruelty to animals]]. Zoosadism is part of the [[Macdonald triad]], a set of three behaviors that are a precursor to [[Psychopathy|sociopathic behavior]].<ref name=macdonald>{{cite journal|author=J. M. MacDonald|title=The Threat to Kill|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=120|issue=2|pages=125–130|year=1963}}</ref> The term was coined by [[Ernest Borneman]].

==Research==
In 1971, American researchers profiled the typical animal harmer as being a nine-and-a-half-year-old boy, with an [[Intelligence quotient|I.Q.]] of 91 and a history of [[Child abuse|gross parental abuse]]. Studies have shown that individuals who enjoy or are willing to inflict harm on animals are more likely to do so to humans. One of the known warning signs of certain psychopathologies, including [[antisocial personality disorder]], is a history of torturing pets and small animals. According to ''[[The New York Times]]'':

{{cquote|The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] has found that a history of cruelty to animals is one of the traits that regularly appear in its computer records of [[Serial rape|serial rapists]] and [[Serial killer|murderers]], and the standard diagnostic and treatment manual for psychiatric and emotional disorders lists cruelty to animals as a diagnostic criterion for [[conduct disorder]]s.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Goleman | first = Daniel | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Child's Love of Cruelty May Hint at the Future Killer | newspaper = New York Times | pages = | year = | date = 7 August 1991 | url = | postscript =  }}</ref>}}

Helen Gavin observed in ''Criminological and Forensic Psychology'' (2013):

{{cquote|This is not a universal trait, though. [[Dennis Nilsen]] had difficulty initiating social contact with people, but loved his faithful companion, Bleep, a mongrel bitch. After his arrest, he was very concerned for her welfare, as she was taken to the police station too.<ref name="Helen Gavin 2013 120">{{cite book|author=Helen Gavin|title=Criminological and Forensic Psychology|pages=120|year=2013}}</ref>}}

Alan R. Felthous reported in his paper "Aggression Against Cats, Dogs, and People" (1980):

{{cquote|A survey of psychiatric patients who had repeatedly tortured dogs and cats found all of them had high levels of aggression toward people as well, including one patient who had murdered a boy.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Felthous | first = Alan R. | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Aggression Against Cats, Dogs, and People | journal = Child Psychiatry and Human Development | volume = | issue = 10 | pages = 169–177 | date = | year = 1980 | url = | doi = 10.1007/bf01433629| id = | postscript =  }}</ref>}}

This is a commonly reproduced finding, and for this reason, violence toward animals is considered a warning sign of potential violence towards humans.

==Legal status==
In the [[United States]], since 2010, it has been a federal offense to create or distribute "obscene" depictions of "living non-human mammals, birds, reptiles, or amphibians ... subjected to serious bodily injury".<ref>[[Ruthann Robson|Robson, Ruthann]] (2010-12-14) [http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/conlaw/2010/12/animal-porn-criminalized-by-federal-law-again.html Animal Porn - Criminalized by Federal Law Again], ''Constitutional Law Prof Blog''</ref> This statute replaced an overly broad 1999 statute<ref>[http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/48.html US Code TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 3 > § 48]</ref> which was found unconstitutional in ''[[United States v. Stevens]]''.

==Criticism==
Critics of the concept of a general neurological basis for cruelty to animals, let alone generalization to humans, cite the fact that animals can be cruel to some animals yet caring to other animals, combined with [[Ivan Pavlov|Pavlov]]'s studies using metronomes at different rates to test conditioned learning showing that humans can discriminate in fine ways that animals cannot,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Catania, A.C.|year=1994|title=Query: Did Pavlov's research ring a bell?|journal=Psycoloquy Newsletter, June 7}}</ref> and conclude that there is no such general basis. The exact way these critics explain studies that seems to show links varies, but most of them state that psychiatric and criminological studies are subject to [[institutional bias]] and [[self-fulfilling prophecy|self-fulfilling prophecies]].<ref>Mad in America: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally Ill, 2002 RobertWhitaker</ref><ref>The Unpredictable Species: What Makes Humans Unique by Lieberman, P 2013</ref>

==Insects==
Zoosadism towards [[insect]]s is also exhibited by some. The classic example of this subvariety of "schoolyard viciousness" is the child who pulls off a fly's wings. The [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] historian [[Suetonius]], in his ''[[The Twelve Caesars]]'', claimed that the Emperor [[Domitian]] amused himself by catching flies and impaling them with needles.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Twelve Caesars |chapter=The Life of Domitian |authorlink=Suetonius |first=C. Suetonius |last=Tranquillus |page=345 |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Domitian*.html#3}}</ref>

==Notable zoosadists==

* [[Richard Chase]]<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/chase/index_1.html CrimeLibrary.com/Serial Killers/Truly Weird & Shocking/Richard Trenton Chase: The Vampire of Sacramento] {{wayback|url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/chase/index_1.html |date=20071011181140 }}</ref>
* [[Croydon serial cat killer]], individual or individuals active in London, UK since c.2014
* [[John Duffy and David Mulcahy]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/animalrights/story/0,11917,1546812,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Childhood cruelty to animals may signal violence in future | first=Rosie | last=Cowan | date=11 August 2005 | accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref>
* [[Jim Jones]]
* [[Ed Kemper]]<ref name="Helen Gavin 2013 120">{{cite book|author=Helen Gavin|title=Criminological and Forensic Psychology|pages=120|year=2013}}</ref>
* [[2002 Japan animal cruelty case|Jun Matsubara]]
* [[Dennis Rader]]
* [[Adam Goren]]

==See also==
* [[Animal abuse]]
* [[Bearbaiting]]
* [[Bloodsport]]
* [[Cat-burning]]
* [[Cruelty to animals]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.forensicnursemag.com/articles/411clinical.html Four-legged Forensics: What Forensic Nurses Need to Know and Do About Animal Cruelty]

{{zoophilia}}
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[[Category:Abuse]]
[[Category:Animal welfare]]
[[Category:Cruelty to animals]]
[[Category:Paraphilias]]
[[Category:Zoophilia]]
[[Category:Animals in entertainment]]

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