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[[Image:a9ccea7237b9961efd7fb...9f1d8d9bcd1c1ef1.jpg|thumb|right|275px|''Nude woman reclining on a leopard skin'', a [[graphite]] drawing by Gill (1928)]] 

'''Arthur Eric Rowton Gill''' ([[February 22]], [[1882]] – [[November 17]], [[1940]]) was a British [[sculpture|sculptor]], [[typography|typographer]] and [[engraving|engraver]].

==Biography==

Gill was born in [[Brighton]], Sussex (now [[East Sussex]]). In [[1902]] he attended classes, studying lettering under the [[calligraphy|calligrapher]] [[Edward Johnston]] at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in [[London]].  

In [[1906]], he married, and the following year he moved with his family to Hopkin's Crank ''[or Sopers?]'', a house in an artists' community at [[Ditchling]] in Sussex, where he started producing sculpture.  His first public success was ''Mother and Child'' ([[1912]]).  In [[1914]] he produced sculptures for the [[stations of the cross]] in [[Westminster Cathedral]].  In the same year he met the typographer [[Stanley Morison]]. After the war, Gill's pupils included the young [[David Jones (poet)|David Jones]], who soon began a relationship with Gill's daughter, Petra.  

Gill's devout [[Roman Catholic]]ism did not prevent him from living a bohemian lifestyle and taking lovers. According to the 1989 biography by [[Fiona MacCarthy]], Gill's relationships included two of his sisters and two of his daughters. His personal diaries also describe, in great detail, regular sexual activity between himself and the family dog which he noted in his diary thus "continued experiment with dog" etc.[[Robert Speaight]]'s earlier biography mentioned none of this.

In [[1924]] he moved to [[Capel-y-ffin]] in [[Wales]], where he set up a new workshop, to be followed by Jones and other disciples.  In [[1925]] he produced the ''[[Perpetua (typeface)|Perpetua]]'' font, based on Classical Roman lettering, for Morison, who was working for the [[Monotype Corporation]].  This was followed by the [[Gill Sans]] typeface, based on the sans-serif lettering originally designed by Johnston for [[London Underground]].  

Gill soon tired of Capel-y-ffin, coming to feel that it had the wrong atmosphere. In [[1928]] he moved to [[Pigotts]] near [[High Wycombe]] in [[Buckinghamshire]], where he set up a printing press.  He took on an apprentice named [[David Kindersley]], who became a successful sculptor and engraver. In [[1932]] he produced a group of sculptures, ''Prospero and Ariel'', for the [[BBC]]'s [[Broadcasting House]] in [[London]].  In the 1990s, the [[BBC]] adopted [[Gill Sans]] for its logo and many of its on-screen television graphics.  In [[1937]], Gill designed a postage stamp for the Post Office, and in [[1938]] he produced ''The Creation of Adam'', three bas-reliefs in stone for the League of Nations building in Geneva.  During this period he was made a [[Royal Designers for Industry|Royal Designer for Industry]] by the [[Royal Society of Arts]] and became a founder-member of the newly established Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry. The award of RDI is the highest British award for designers.

Apart from ''[[Gill Sans]]'', which is his most famous creation and lasting legacy to typography, Gill also designed the [[typeface]]s ''Perpetua'' ([[1926]]), ''[[Golden Cockerel]] Roman'' ([[1929]]), ''Solus'' (1929), ''Joanna'' (based on work by Granjon; [[1930]]&ndash;[[1931|31]]), ''Aries'' (1932), ''Floriated Capitals'' (1932), ''Bunyan'' ([[1934]]), ''Pilgrim'' (recut version of ''Bunyan''; [[1953]]) and ''Jubilee'' (1934).  

A deeply religious man, Eric Gill published numerous essays on the relationship between art and religion. He also produced a number of erotic engravings.

Gill died in [[Uxbridge]], [[Middlesex]] in 1940. His headstone identifies him simply as a "stone carver" [http://www.identifont.com/show?12W].



==Quotations==

:''Art is skill, that is the first meaning of the word.''

:"That state is a state of Slavery in which a man does what he likes to do in his spare time and in his working time that which is required of him.  This state can only exist when what a man likes to do is to please himself.

:"That state is a state of Freedom in which a man does what he likes to do in his working time and in his spare time that which is required of him.  That state can only exist when what a man likes to do is to please God."

:: — from ''Art Nonsense and Other Essays'' (1929)

==Pupils of Eric Gill==

Gill's pupils include [[William Bloye]] and [[Don Potter]].

==Selected writings==

*Gill, Eric: ''A Holy Tradition of Working: An Anthology of Writings'', Golgonooza Press, 1983, ISBN 090388030X
*Gill, Eric: ''An Essay on Typography'', 1931, ISBN 0-87923-762-7, ISBN 0-87923-950-6 (reprints)
*Gill, Eric: ''Christianity and Art'', 1927
*Gill, Eric: ''Art'',  1934
*Gill, Eric: ''Work and Property'', 1937
*Gill, Eric: ''Work and Culture'',  1938
*Gill, Eric: ''Autobiography: Quod Ore Sumpsimus'', Jonathan Cape, 1940 (published posthumously) ISBN 1-870495-13-6

==References==

*Attwater, Donal: ''A Cell of Good Living'', 1969
*Collins, Judith: ''Eric Gill — The Sculpture'', 1998
* Steven Corey and Julia MacKenzie (editors) — ''Eric Gill: A Bibliography'', St Paul's Bibliographies, 1991, ISBN 0906795532
*Gill, Cecil, Warde & Kindersley; ''The Life and Works of Eric Gill'', 1968
* Evan Gill and David Peace (editors) — ''Eric Gill: The Inscriptions'', Herbert Press, 1994, ISBN 1871569664
*Holliday, Peter: ''Eric Gill in Ditchling'', Oak Knoll Press, ISBN 1584560754 
*MacCarthy, Fiona: ''Eric Gill'', Faber & Faber, 1989
*Skelton, Christopher, Editor: ''Eric Gill — The Engravings'', 1983
*Speaight, Robert: ''Life of Eric Gill'', 1966
*Thorpe, Joseph: ''Eric Gill'', 1929
*Yorke, Malcolm: ''Eric Gill — Man of Flesh and Spirit'', 1981

==See also==

*[[Typography]]
*[[Wood engraving]]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ArtistWorks?cgroupid=999999961&artistid=1168&page=1 Examples of Gill's work] at the [[Tate Gallery]].
*[http://www.identifont.com/show?12W Identifont biography]
*[http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1826081,00.html article on Gill's private life in relation to his work] by Fiona MacCarthy

[[Category:1882 births|Gill, Eric]]
[[Category:1940 deaths|Gill, Eric]]
[[Category:British sculptors|Gill, Eric]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic converts|Gill, Eric]]
[[Category:Graphic designers|Gill, Eric]]
[[Category:Typographers|Gill, Eric]]
[[Category:Natives of Sussex|Gill, Eric]]


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