Editing Rabies (section)

== Signs and symptoms ==
[[file:Hydrophobia in rabies.webm|thumb|A typical rabies patient displaying hydrophobia]]
[[file:Dog with rabies.jpg|thumb|Animals with "dumb" rabies appear depressed, lethargic, and uncoordinated]]

The [[Incubation period|period]] between infection and the first [[Influenza-like illness|symptoms]] (incubation period) is typically 1–3 months in humans.<ref name="Giesen2015" /> This period may be as short as four days or longer than six years, depending on the location and severity of the wound and the amount of virus introduced.<ref name="Giesen2015" /> Initial symptoms of rabies are often nonspecific such as fever and headache.<ref name="Giesen2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Giesen A, Gniel D, Malerczyk C | title = 30 Years of rabies vaccination with Rabipur: a summary of clinical data and global experience | journal = Expert Review of Vaccines | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 351–67 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25683583 | doi = 10.1586/14760584.2015.1011134 | type = Review | doi-access = free }}</ref> As rabies progresses and causes [[meningoencephalitis|inflammation of the brain and meninges]], symptoms can include slight or partial [[paralysis]], [[anxiety]], [[insomnia]], [[confusion]], [[psychomotor agitation|agitation]], abnormal behavior, [[paranoia]], terror, and [[hallucination]]s.<ref name="Robbins" /><ref name="Giesen2015" /> The person may also have fear of water.<ref name="WHO2013" />

The symptoms eventually progress to [[delirium]], and [[coma]].<ref name="Robbins" /><ref name="Giesen2015" /> Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after first symptoms. Survival is almost unknown once symptoms have presented, even with intensive care.<ref name="Giesen2015" /><ref name="Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rupprecht CE, Willoughby R, Slate D | title = Current and future trends in the prevention, treatment and control of rabies | journal = Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 1021–38 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17181418 | doi = 10.1586/14787210.4.6.1021 | s2cid = 36979186 }}</ref>

Rabies has also occasionally been referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") throughout its [[history]].<ref>{{cite book| first1 = A D | last1 = Cliff | first2 = Peter | last2 = Haggett | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Smallman-Raynor | name-list-style = vanc |title=World atlas of epidemic diseases|date=2004|publisher=Arnold|location=London|isbn=9780340761717|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNVCiNnGVvsC&pg=PA51}}</ref> It refers to a set of symptoms in the later stages of an infection in which the person has difficulty swallowing, shows panic when presented with liquids to drink, and cannot quench their thirst. Any mammal infected with the virus may demonstrate hydrophobia.<ref name="NHS" /> Saliva production is greatly increased, and attempts to drink, or even the intention or suggestion of drinking, may cause excruciatingly painful spasms of the muscles in the throat and [[larynx]]. Since the infected individual cannot swallow saliva and water, the virus has a much higher chance of being transmitted, since it multiplies and accumulates in the [[salivary gland]]s and is transmitted through biting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animalswecare.com/home_section/rabies/ |website=AnimalsWeCare.com |title=Rabies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903193928/http://www.animalswecare.com/home_section/rabies/ |archive-date=3 September 2014 }}</ref> Hydrophobia is commonly associated with furious rabies, which affects 80% of rabies-infected people. The remaining 20% may experience a paralytic form of rabies that is marked by muscle weakness, loss of sensation, and paralysis; this form of rabies does not usually cause fear of water.<ref name="NHS">{{cite web|title=Symptoms of rabies |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rabies/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |website=NHS.uk |access-date=3 September 2014 |date=12 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914174652/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rabies/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |archive-date=14 September 2014 }}</ref>