Editing Zoophilia (section)

== Terminology ==
=== General ===
Three key terms commonly used in regards to the subject—''zoophilia'', ''bestiality'', and ''zoosexuality''—are often used somewhat interchangeably. Some researchers distinguish between zoophilia (as a persistent sexual interest in animals) and bestiality (as sexual acts with animals), because bestiality is often not driven by a sexual preference for animals.<ref name="ranger">{{Cite journal|last1=Ranger|first1=R.|last2=Fedoroff|first2=P.|year=2014|title=Commentary: Zoophilia and the Law|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online|volume=42|issue=4|pages=421–426|url=https://jaapl.org/content/42/4/421.full|pmid=25492067}}</ref> Some studies have found a preference for animals is rare among people who engage in [[Sexual Contact with Animals|sexual contact with animals]].<ref name="earls">{{Cite journal|last1=Earls|first1=C. M.|last2=Lalumiere|first2=M. L.|year=2002|title=A Case Study of Preferential Bestiality (Zoophilia)|journal=Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment|volume=14|issue=1|pages=83–88|doi=10.1177/107906320201400106|pmid=11803597}}</ref> Furthermore, some zoophiles report they have never had sexual contact with an animal.<ref name="maratea">{{Cite journal|last=Maratea|first=R. J.|year=2011|title=Screwing the pooch: Legitimizing accounts in a zoophilia on-line community|journal=Deviant Behavior|volume=32|issue=10|page=938|doi=10.1080/01639625.2010.538356}}</ref> People with zoophilia are known as "zoophiles," though also sometimes as "zoosexuals," or even very simply "zoos."<ref name="ranger" /><ref name="handbook">{{Cite book|last=Beetz|first=Andrea M.|editor=Ascione, Frank|year=2010|title=The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application|chapter=Bestiality and Zoophilia: A Discussion of Sexual Contact With Animals|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/?id=G_MwT9OHj4AC&pg=PA201&dq=zoophilia#v=onepage&q=zoophilia&f=false|isbn=978-1-55-753565-8}}</ref> [[Zooerasty]], [[sodomy]], and [[wiktionary:zooerastia#English|zooerastia]] are other terms closely related to the subject but are less synonymous with the former terms, and are seldom used. "Bestiosexuality" was discussed briefly by Allen (1979), but never became widely established.{{Citation needed}} [[wikipedia:Ernest Bornemann|Ernest Bornemann]] (1990, cited by Rosenbauer, 1997) coined the separate term ''[[zoosadism]]'' for those who derive pleasure—sexual or otherwise—from inflicting pain on animals. Zoosadism specifically is one member of the [[wikipedia:Macdonald triad|Macdonald triad]] of precursors to [[wikipedia:Psychopathy|sociopathic behavior]].<ref name="MacDonald">{{Cite journal|last=MacDonald|first=John M.|year=1963|title=The Threat to Kill|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=120|issue=2|pages=125–130|url=https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.120.2.125|doi=10.1176/ajp.120.2.125}}</ref>

=== Zoophilia ===
[[File:Tako to ama retouched.jpg|thumb|left|[[wikipedia:Katsushika Hokusai|Hokusai]]<!--Katsushika is the family name so it is put first, BUT he is called by his given name-->'s (1760–1849) ''[[wikipedia:The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife|The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife]]''.]]
The term ''zoophilia'' was introduced into the field of research on [[sexuality]] in ''[[wikipedia:Psychopathia Sexualis (Richard von Krafft-Ebing book)|Psychopathia Sexualis]]'' (1886) by [[wikipedia:Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing|Krafft-Ebing]], who described a number of cases of "violation of animals (bestiality)",<ref name="krafft-ebing">{{Cite book|last=Krafft-Ebing|first=Richard Freiherr von|year=1886|title=Psychopathia Sexualis|url=https://archive.org/details/PsychopathiaSexualis1000006945|publisher=Enke|location=Stuttgart|pages=281,561}}</ref> as well as "zoophilia erotica",<ref name="krafft-ebing" /> which he defined as a sexual attraction to animal skin or fur. The term ''zoophilia'' derives from the combination of two nouns in Greek: '''''ζῷον''''' (''zṓion'', meaning "animal") and '''''φιλία''''' (''[[wiktionary:-philia|philia]]'', meaning "(fraternal) [[love]]"). In general contemporary usage, the term ''zoophilia'' may refer to sexual activity between human and non-human animals, the desire to engage in such, or to the specific [[paraphilia]] (''i.e.,'' the atypical arousal) which indicates a definite preference for non-human animals over humans as sexual partners. Although Krafft-Ebing also coined the term ''zooerasty'' for the paraphilia of exclusive sexual attraction to animals,<ref name="deviance">{{Cite book|last1=Laws|first1=D. Richard|last2=O'Donohue|first2=William T.|year=2008|title=Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sexual_Deviance/yIXG9FuqbaIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=zooerasty|publisher=Guilford Press|location=New York City|page=391|isbn=978-1-59-385605-2}}</ref> that term has fallen out of general use.

=== Zoosexuality ===
The term ''[[zoosexual]]'' was proposed by [[Hani Miletski]] in 2002<ref name="handbook" /> as a value-neutral term. Usage of ''zoosexual'' as a noun (in reference to a person) is synonymous with zoophile, while the adjectival form of the word—as, for instance, in the phrase "zoosexual act"—may indicate sexual activity between a human and a non-human animal. The derivative noun "zoosexuality" is sometimes used by self-identified zoophiles in both support groups and online discussion forums to designate [[sexual orientation]] manifesting as romantic/emotional involvement with, or sexual attraction to, non-human animals.<ref name="handbook" /><ref name="zoosexuality">{{Cite web|title=Information: What is zoosexuality?|url=http://zoosexuality.org/?id=1|date=2011-01-03|website=Zoosexuality.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714043810if_/http://zoosexuality.org/?id=1|archive-date=2011-07-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Bestiality ===
[[File:日本春宫册页《女人和狗》.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Japanese ''[[wikipedia:ukiyo-e|ukiyo-e]]'' [[wikipedia:woodblock print|woodblock print]] from [[wikipedia:Kunisada|Utagawa Kunisada]]'s series, "Eight Canine Heroes of the House of Satomi", 1837.]]
[[File:Indiaerotic5.jpg|thumb|right|350px|An 18<sup>th</sup>-century Indian miniature depicting women practicing zoophilia in the bottom register.]]
The legal term ''bestiality'' has three common pronunciations: {{IPA|[ˌbestʃiˈæləti]}} or {{IPA|[ˌbistʃiˈæləti]}} in the United States,<ref name="pronunciation">{{Cite web|title=How to pronounce BESTIALITY in English|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/pronunciation/english/bestiality|website=Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=2024-08-10|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and {{IPA|[ˌbestiˈæləti]}} in the United Kingdom.<ref name="pronunciation" /> Some zoophiles and researchers draw a distinction between ''zoophilia'' and ''bestiality'', using the former to describe the desire to form sexual relationships with animals and the latter to describe the sex acts alone. Confusing the matter yet [[further]], writing in 1962, Masters used the term ''bestialist'' specifically in his discussion of zoosadism.

Stephanie LaFarge, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the New Jersey Medical School, and Director of Counseling at the [[wikipedia:American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals|ASPCA]], writes that two groups can be distinguished: bestialists, who rape or abuse animals, and zoophiles, who form an emotional and sexual attachment to animals.<ref name="roth">{{Cite news|last=Roth|first=Melinda|date=1999-12-15|title=All Opposed, Say “Neigh”|url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/news/all-opposed-say-neigh-2475096|newspaper=St. Louis (MO) Riverfront Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209090649if_/https://www.riverfronttimes.com/news/all-opposed-say-neigh-2475096|archive-date=2023-02-09|url-status=live|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Colin J. Williams]] and [[Martin Weinberg]] studied self-defined zoophiles via the internet and reported them as understanding the term ''zoophilia'' to involve concern for the animal's welfare, pleasure, and [[Sexual consent|consent]], as distinct from the self-labelled zoophiles' concept of "bestialists", whom the zoophiles in their study defined as focused on their own gratification. Williams and Weinberg also quoted a British newspaper saying that ''zoophilia'' is a term used by "apologists" for ''bestiality''.<ref name="asb">{{Cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Colin J.|last2=Weinberg|first2=Martin S.|title=Zoophilia in men: a study of sexual interest in animals|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026085410617|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=32|issue=6|pages=523–535|date=December 2003|pmid=14574096|doi=10.1023/A:1026085410617|url-access=subscription|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all}}</ref>