Editing Campylobacter (section)

== Treatment ==
The infection is usually self-limiting and, in most cases, symptomatic treatment by liquid and electrolyte replacement is sufficient to treat human infections.  Symptoms typically last 5–7 days.<ref name="CDC41813" /> Treatment with antibiotics has little effect, and is discouraged except in high-risk patients.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ternhag A, Asikainen T, Giesecke J, Ekdahl K | title = A meta-analysis on the effects of antibiotic treatment on duration of symptoms caused by infection with Campylobacter species | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 696–700 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17278062 | doi = 10.1086/509924 }}</ref> <!-- as of November 2016, most recent 'ideal' MEDRS - not a controversial/fast-moving issue  -->
Diagnosis of campylobacteriosis is made by testing a fecal specimen. Standard treatment in high-risk cases is [[azithromycin]], a [[macrolide]] antibiotic, especially for ''Campylobacter'' infections in children,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vukelic D, Trkulja V, Salkovic-Petrisic M | title = Single oral dose of azithromycin versus 5 days of oral erythromycin or no antibiotic in treatment of campylobacter enterocolitis in children: a prospective randomized assessor-blind study | journal = Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 404–10 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 19881393 | doi = 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181a87104 | s2cid = 22460970 }}</ref> although other antibiotics, such as quinolones, tetracycline and other macrolides are sometimes used to treat gastrointestinal ''Campylobacter'' infections in adults.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gendrel D, Cohen R | title = [Bacterial diarrheas and antibiotics: European recommendations] | language = fr | journal = Archives de Pédiatrie | volume = 15 Suppl 2 | issue = Suppl 2 | pages = S93-6 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 19000862 | doi = 10.1016/S0929-693X(08)74223-4 | trans-title = Bacterial diarrheas and antibiotics: European recommendations }}</ref> In case of systemic infection, other bactericidal antibiotics are used, such as [[ampicillin]], [[amoxicillin/clavulanic acid]], or [[aminoglycoside]]s. [[Fluoroquinolone]] antibiotics, such as [[ciprofloxacin]] or [[levofloxacin]], may no longer be effective in some cases, due to resistance.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lehtopolku M, Nakari UM, Kotilainen P, Huovinen P, Siitonen A, Hakanen AJ | title = Antimicrobial susceptibilities of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains: in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents | journal = Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | volume = 54 | issue = 3 | pages = 1232–6 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20038624 | pmc = 2825995 | doi = 10.1128/AAC.00898-09 }}</ref> In addition to antibiotics, dehydrated children may require intravenous fluid treatment in a hospital.