Editing Campylobacter (section)

== Genomics ==
The [[genome]]s of several ''Campylobacter'' species have been sequenced, beginning with ''C. jejuni'' in 2000.<ref name=Fouts_2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fouts DE, Mongodin EF, Mandrell RE, Miller WG, Rasko DA, Ravel J, Brinkac LM, DeBoy RT, Parker CT, Daugherty SC, Dodson RJ, Durkin AS, Madupu R, Sullivan SA, Shetty JU, Ayodeji MA, Shvartsbeyn A, Schatz MC, Badger JH, Fraser CM, Nelson KE | display-authors = 6 | title = Major structural differences and novel potential virulence mechanisms from the genomes of multiple campylobacter species | journal = PLoS Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = e15 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15660156 | pmc = 539331 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030015 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors = Parkhill J, Wren BW, Mungall K, Ketley JM, Churcher C, Basham D, Chillingworth T, Davies RM, Feltwell T, Holroyd S, Jagels K, Karlyshev AV, Moule S, Pallen MJ, Penn CW, Quail MA, Rajandream MA, Rutherford KM, van Vliet AH, Whitehead S, Barrell BG | display-authors = 6 | title = The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences | journal = Nature | volume = 403 | issue = 6770 | pages = 665–8 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10688204 | doi = 10.1038/35001088 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2000Natur.403..665P }}</ref> These genome studies have identified molecular markers specific to members of ''Campylobacter''{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}. ''Campylobacter'' ssp. genomes are rather small compared to those of other gastrointestinal pathogens, with sizes ranging between 1.60 and 1.90 Mbp.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Parkhill J, Wren BW, Mungall K, Ketley JM, Churcher C, Basham D, Chillingworth T, Davies RM, Feltwell T, Holroyd S, Jagels K, Karlyshev AV, Moule S, Pallen MJ, Penn CW, Quail MA, Rajandream MA, Rutherford KM, van Vliet AH, Whitehead S, Barrell BG | display-authors = 6 | title = The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences | journal = Nature | volume = 403 | issue = 6770 | pages = 665–8 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10688204 | doi = 10.1038/35001088 | s2cid = 205004234 | doi-access = free }}</ref> A characteristic of most ''Campylobacter'' genomes is the presence of [[hypervariable region]]s, which can differ greatly between different strains.<ref name=":3" />

Studies have investigated the genes responsible for motility in ''Campylobacter'' species. Some ''Campylobacter'' species contain two [[flagellin]] genes in tandem for motility, ''flaA'' and ''flaB''. These genes undergo [[intergenic]] recombination, [[further]] contributing to their virulence.<ref name=Gran_1993t>{{cite journal | vauthors = Grant CC, Konkel ME, Cieplak W, Tompkins LS | title = Role of flagella in adherence, internalization, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in nonpolarized and polarized epithelial cell cultures | journal = Infection and Immunity | volume = 61 | issue = 5 | pages = 1764–71 | date = May 1993 | pmid = 8478066 | pmc = 280763 | doi = 10.1128/IAI.61.5.1764-1771.1993 }}</ref>