Editing Cyberbullying (section)

=== Gender ===
Research conducted to try to determine differences in cyberbullying patterns comparing male to female and ages of each are relatively inconclusive. There are some factors that lean towards males being more involved in cyberbullying behaviors due to males tending to have more aggressive behaviors than females.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Griezel |first1=Lucy |last2=Finger |first2=Linda R. |last3=Bodkin-Andrews |first3=Gawaian H. |last4=Craven |first4=Rhonda G. |last5=Yeung |first5=Alexander Seeshing |title=Uncovering the Structure of and Gender and Developmental Differences in Cyber Bullying |journal=The Journal of Educational Research |date=September 2012 |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=442–455 |doi=10.1080/00220671.2011.629692 |s2cid=145680391 }}</ref> This is not proven, but speculated based on literature reviews of research indicating that significant data is self-reported. Comparatively, the review of articles indicates that age differences have some indicators of cyberbullying; increasing age indicates increasing bullying behaviors. Gender differences have mixed results, but one finding indicated that younger females (10 or 11) and older males (13+) tend to engage in cyber bullying behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barlett |first1=Christopher |last2=Coyne |first2=Sarah M. |title=A meta-analysis of sex differences in cyber-bullying behavior: The moderating role of age: Sex Differences in Cyber-Bullying |journal=Aggressive Behavior |date=September 2014 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=474–488 |doi=10.1002/ab.21555 |pmid=25098968 }}</ref>

Cyberbullies mostly have at least one common trait.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Social Devience|last=Marcum|first=Catherine|year=2014|page=165}}</ref> Cyberbullies generally get angry and discouraged easily and usually have strong personalities.<ref name=":9" /> They connect with others belligerently and do not care for the feelings of their victims.<ref name=":9" /> Both males and females engage in cyberbullying.<ref name=":9" /> Females are involved in cyberbullying just as much as men,<ref name=":9" /> and females are sometimes even found more involved in cyberbullying than men are.<ref name=":9" /> The reason behind this is because of the way they respond;<ref name=":9" /> men will usually respond with physical retaliation, while women will use “indirect forms such as gossiping.”<ref name=":9" /> As cyberbullying is a more indirect form, females are more likely to be involved.<ref name=":9" />

Also, women tend to have less face-to-face confrontations than men, and since cyberbullying occurs online, this allows women to have a greater chance to be attacked.<ref name=":9" /> According to a 2017 Pew Research study on online harassment, 14% of Americans have been harassed because of their political views. Such harassment affects men and women differently; men are approximately twice as likely as women to have experienced online harassment because of their political views.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duggan |first1=Maeve |title=Online Harassment 2017 |url=https://www.pewinternet.org/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/ |access-date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> However, women politicians are disproportionately more likely to be sexually harassed online. Women lawmakers are three times more likely than their male counterparts to receive sexually abusive comments, including threats of rape, beatings, death, or abduction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lehr |first1=Amy |last2=Bechrakis |first2=Mariefaye |title=Against The Odds: Overcoming Online Harassment of Women in Politics |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/against-odds-overcoming-online-harassment-women-politics |access-date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>