Editing Cryptosporidium (section)

==Exposure risks==

* People who swim regularly in pools with insufficient sanitation (certain strains of ''Cryptosporidium'' are chlorine-resistant)
* Child-care workers
* Parents of infected children
* People caring for other people with cryptosporidiosis
* Backpackers, hikers, and campers who drink unfiltered, untreated water
* People who visit petting farms and open farms with public access<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walker MD | year = 2018 | title = Reducing the risk of zoonotic infection | journal = Conservation Land Management | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 19–22 | url = https://sites.google.com/site/cryptosporidiosisukanimal/ }}</ref>
* People, including swimmers, who swallow water from contaminated sources
* People handling infected cattle
* People exposed to human feces
* People who turn [[compost]] that has not gone through its phase where temperatures over 50ºC are reached <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1995-08-01|title=Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734242X95900810|journal=Waste Management & Research|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|pages=315–324|doi=10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0|issn=0734-242X}}</ref>

Dealing with stabilized compost - i.e. composting material that has gone through the phases where micro-organisms are digesting the organic matter and the temperature inside the composting pile has reached temperature up to 50-70ºC - poses very little risk as these temperatures kill pathogens and even make oocysts unviable.  People turning the compost should wear gloves and a breathing mask as that material contains pathogens that can make humans sick. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1995-08-01|title=Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734242X95900810|journal=Waste Management & Research|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|pages=315–324|doi=10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0|issn=0734-242X}}</ref>

Cases of [[cryptosporidiosis]] can occur in a city with clean water; cases of cryptosporidiosis can have different origins. Like many fecal-oral pathogens, the disease can also be transmitted by contaminated food, poor hygiene or turning compost in a local [[compost]] site.  Testing of water, as well as [[epidemiological]] study, are necessary to determine the sources of specific infections. ''Cryptosporidium'' typically does not cause serious illness in healthy people. It may chronically sicken some children, as well as adults exposed and [[immunocompromised]].  A subset of the immunocompromised population is people with [[AIDS]]. Amongst [[Men who have sex with men|MSM]] with AIDS, insertive anal sex is an increased risk factor.<ref name="BMJ">{{cite journal | vauthors = Black ER, Mushlin AI, Griner PF, Suchman AL, James RL, Schoch DR | title = Predicting the need for hospitalization of ambulatory patients with pneumonia | journal = Journal of General Internal Medicine | volume = 6 | issue = 5 | pages = 394–400 | year = 2003 | pmc = 1744752 | doi = 10.1136/sti.79.5.412 | pmid = 14573839 }}</ref>  Analingus and oral-genital sex after anal-genital sex are known transmission routes.<ref name="BorchardtNoble1997">{{Cite book | first1 = Kenneth A. | last1 = Borchardt | first2 = Michael A. | last2 = Noble | name-list-style = vanc | title = Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=k_9sjs-n0nIC&pg=PA192 |date=25 June 1997 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-9476-8 |page=192 }}</ref>

Other transmission routes include exposure to laboratory specimens.<ref name="BorchardtNoble1997" />