Editing Heterosexism (section)

===Parallels and intersections===
{{Rquote|right|Using the term heterosexism highlights the parallels between antigay sentiment and other forms of prejudice, such as [[racism]], [[antisemitism]], and [[sexism]].  |[[Gregory M. Herek]], researcher, author, and professor of psychology at [[University of California at Davis|UC Davis]].<ref name="psychology.ucdavis.edu"/>}}

It has been argued that the concept of heterosexism is similar to the concept of [[racism]] in that both ideas promote privilege for dominant groups within a given society. For example, borrowing from the racial concept of [[white privilege]], the concept of [[heterosexual privilege]]<ref name="genderknot149">{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Allan J.|title=The Gender Knot|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia|year=1997|page=149|isbn=1-56639-519-4}}</ref> has been applied to benefits of (presumed) heterosexuality within society that heterosexuals take for granted. The analogy is that just as racism against non-white people places white people as superior to [[Person of color|people of color]], heterosexism places heterosexual people or relationships as superior to [[non-heterosexual]] ones. In trying to rebut this premise, some commentators point to differences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.bet.com/news/youthvote/4-reasons-why-gay-is-not-the-new-black/4|title=Celebrities|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref> between the categories of race and sexual orientation, claiming they are too complex to support any generalizations.  For example, "[[Diversity training|trainer on diversity]]" and consultant Jamie Washington has commented, although heterosexism and racism are "woven from the same fabric" they are "not the same thing".<ref>[http://susquehanna.edu/crusader/article.cfm?IssueID=59&SectionID=1&ArticleID=2573 Issues of race and sexuality discussed, Susquehanna Crusader Online, accessed Aug 29, 2009 ]</ref>  Some American Conservative leaders such as Rev. Irene Monroe comment that those who suggest or state "gay is the new black", as in a cover story of ''[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'' magazine,<ref>[http://www.advocate.com/exclusive_detail_ektid65744.asp Gay is the New Black, accessed Aug 30, 2009]</ref> exploit [[black people]]'s suffering and experiences to legitimize their own.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irenemonroe.com/2008/12/16/gay-is-not-the-new-black/ |title=Gay is NOT the new Black, accessed Aug 29, 2009 |access-date=August 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302232756/http://www.irenemonroe.com/2008/12/16/gay-is-not-the-new-black/ |archive-date=March 2, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nonetheless, a study presented at the [[British Psychological Society]]'s Division of Occupational Psychology 2009 Conference shows that heterosexist prejudice is more pervasive than racism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bps.org.uk/media-centre/press-releases/releases$/division-of-occupational-psychology/prejudice-study-finds-gay-is-the-new-black.cfm |title=Prejudice study finds gay is the new black, accessed Sept 3, 2009 |access-date=2009-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123035152/http://www.bps.org.uk/media-centre/press-releases/releases$/division-of-occupational-psychology/prejudice-study-finds-gay-is-the-new-black.cfm |archive-date=2009-01-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Heterosexism can also [[Intersectionality|intersect]] with racism by [[further]] emphasizing differences among arbitrary groups of people.<ref name="tatum22">{{cite book|last=Tatum|first=Beverly|title=Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?|publisher=Basic Books|year=1997|pages=21–22}}</ref> For example, heterosexism can compound the effects of racism by:
* promoting injustices towards a person already facing injustices because of their race
* establishing [[social hierarchies]] that allow one group more privilege than other groups.

Likewise, racism can allow LGBT people to be subjected to additional discrimination or violence if they belong to or are considered a part of a socially devalued racial category.<ref>(2008) Heterosexism and Homophobia. Encyclopedia of Race and Racism, 2, 1–4. Retrieved March 31, 2008 from Gale Virtual Reference Library: http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS.</ref> Some of the privileges afforded to people falling into the categories of white people and (perceived) heterosexuals include, but are not limited to, social acceptance, prestige, freedom from negative [[stereotypes]], and the comfort of being within the [[social norm]] and thereby not being [[marginalized]] or viewed as different.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simoni |first1=Jane M. |last2=Walters |first2=Karina L. |title=Heterosexual Identity and Heterosexism: Recognizing Privilege to Reduce Prejudice |journal=Journal of Homosexuality |date=2001 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=157–172 |doi=10.1300/J082v41n01_06}}</ref>