Editing History of zoophilia (section)

==21st-Century==

In 2003, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 lowered the criminal penalty of bestiality in the United Kingdom from life in prison to two years in prison.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/69 Intercourse with an animal ]</ref>

In 2006, Denmark's Council for Animal Ethics said there was no need to ban bestiality unless it took place in pornographic films or sex shows. Only one of the 10 members of the council, set up by the Danish Justice Ministry to establish and uphold animal ethics, wanted bestiality expressly prohibited. The other members said current laws provided enough animal protection.<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/oukoe-uk-denmark-sex-idUKL3073141820061130 Animal sex proposal spurs call for referendum ]</ref> Denmark outlawed bestiality in 2015 after all parties except the Liberal Alliance voted in support of a ban, leaving Hungary, Finland and Romania as the only European Union countries without bans on bestiality.<ref name="bbcdenmark">{{cite news | date = 22 April 2015 | title = Denmark passes law to ban bestiality | work = BBC Newsbeat | accessdate = 20 July 2015 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/32411241/denmark-passes-law-to-ban-bestiality}}</ref>

During the 21st century, bestiality was re-criminalized in the following countries or territories: 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+United States of America
!Federal district or state
!Date criminalized
!Penalty for first-time non-violent bestiality offense
|-
|Iowa
|July 1, 2001
|Class D felony, up to 5 years in prison, a fine up to $1,025 to $10,245 and the court may impose other conditions, such as restrictions on owning animals or mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is deemed to have resulted from a psychological or behavioral issue.
|-
|Maine
|September 21, 2001
|Class D crime, up to 1 year in jail, a fine up to $2,000 and the court may order psychological counseling, especially if the offense is part of a pattern of behavior or related to underlying mental health issues. Additionally, offenders may face restrictions on owning or possessing animals and may be required to surrender any animals they currently own.
|-
|Oregon
|January 1, 2002
|Class C felony, up to 5 years in prison, a fine up to $125,000 and the court may impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling if the offense is connected to psychological issues. Furthermore, offenders may face restrictions on owning animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Illinois
|January 1, 2003
|Class 4 felony, between 1 to 3 years in prison, a fine up to $25,000 and the court may impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling if the offense is linked to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be forfeited.
|-
|South Dakota
|July 1, 2003
|Class 6 felony, up to 2 years in prison, a fine up to $4,000 and the court may order psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is part of a broader pattern of behavior or is related to mental health issues. Additionally, offenders may face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Missouri
|August 28, 2003
|Class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year in a county jail, a fine up to $2,000 and the court may impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Washington
|June 7, 2006
|Class C felony, up to 5 years in prison, a fine up to $10,000 and the court may order psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is connected to psychological issues or if the offender is deemed a risk for future offenses. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|Vermont
|July 1, 2006
|Misdemeanor, up to 1 year in jail, a fine up to $2,000 and the court may also impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling if the offense is related to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Arizona
|August 12, 2006
|Class 6 felony, between 4 months to 2 years years in prison, a fine up to $150,000 and the court may impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is related to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be forfeited.
|-
|Colorado
|July 1, 2007
|Class 6 felony, between 1 to 1.5 year in prison, with a mandatory parole period of 1 year, a fine up to $100,000, the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is connected to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|Indiana
|July 1, 2007
|Level 6 felony, between 6 months to 2.5 years in prison, a fine up to $10,000 and the court may impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Tennessee
|July 1, 2007
|Class E felony, between 1 to 6 years in prison, a fine up to $3,000 and the court may also impose mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Additionally, offenders may be prohibited from owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Alaska
|July 1, 2010
|Class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year in jail, a fine up to $10,000 and the court may order psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is related to psychological or behavioral issues. Additionally, offenders may be required to forfeit any animals involved in the offense, and they may face restrictions on owning or possessing animals for a period of time after their sentence.
|-
|Florida
|October 1, 2011
|Third-degree felony, up to 5 years in prison, a fine up to $5,000 and the court may impose mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|Alabama
|July 1, 2014
|Class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year in jail, a fine up to $6000 and the court may impose additional conditions, such as mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and forfeited.
|-
|New Jersey
|November 9, 2015
|Third-degree crime, between 3 to 5 years in prison, a fine up to $15,000 and the court may impose mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Texas
|September 1, 2017
|State jail felony, between 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility, a fine up to $10,000 and the court may impose mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized.
|-
|Nevada
|October 1, 2017
|Category D felony, between 1 to 4 years in prison, a fine up to $5,000 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|New Hampshire
|January 1, 2017
|Class D felony, up to 1 year in jail, a fine up to $2,000 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is related to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|Kentucky
|June 27, 2019
|Class D felony, between 1 to 5 years in prison, a fine and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|Ohio
|March 24, 2021
|Second-degree misdemeanor, up to 90 days in jail, a fine up to $750 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also be required to forfeit the animal involved in the offense and may face restrictions on owning or possessing animals in the future.
|-
|Hawaii
|June 7, 2021
|Class C felony, up to 5 years in prison, a fine up to $10,000 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed. Additionally, offenders may be required to pay restitution for the care of the animals.
|-
|Wyoming
|July 1, 2021
|Felony, up to 2 years in prison, a fine up to $5,000 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|District of Columbia
|April 23, 2023
|Class B misdemeanor, up to 180 days in prison, a fine up to $1,000 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to behavioral or psychological issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed.
|-
|New Mexico
|June 16, 2023
|Fourth-degree felony, up to 18 months in prison, a fine up to $5,000 and the court may order mandatory psychological counseling, particularly if the offense is linked to psychological or behavioral issues. Offenders may also face restrictions on owning or possessing animals, and any animals involved in the offense may be seized and rehomed. The court may also impose community service or other rehabilitative measures.
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Europe
!Country
!Date criminalized
!Penalty for first-time non-violent bestiality offense
|-
|France
|10 March 2004
|Misdemeanor, up to 2 years imprisonment and a fine up to €30,000
|-
|Belgium
|11 May 2007
|Misdemeanor, up to 1 month to 3 years imprisonment and a fine between €52 to €2,000
|-
|Norway
|1 January 2010
|Misdemeanor, up to 1 year imprisonment and a fine up to 75,000 NOK
|-
|Netherlands
|1 July 2010
|Misdemeanor, up to 1 year imprisonment and a fine up to €19,500
|-
|Germany
|13 December 2012
|Administrative offense, a fine up to €25,000 (if the animal was forced)
|-
|Iceland
|1 January 2014
|Misdemeanor, a fine using the day-fine system
|-
|Sweden
|2014-04-01
|Misdemeanor, up to 2 year imprisonment and a fine using the day-fine system
|-
|Spain
|30 March 2015
|Administrative offense, between 1 to 30 days of community service, a fine between 1 to 2 months using the day-fine system and a special disqualification between 3 months to 1 year imposed for the exercise of a profession, trade or trade that is related to animals and for the possession of animals
|-
|Denmark
|1 July 2015
|Misdemeanor, a fine determined by a case-by-case basis
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Australia
!Territory
!Date criminalized
!Penalty for first-time non-violent bestiality offense
|-
|Australian Capital Territory
|22 March 2011
|Indictable offense, up to 10 years imprisonment
|}