Editing Toxocariasis (section)

==Diagnosis==
Finding ''Toxocara'' larvae within a patient is the only definitive diagnosis for toxocariasis; however, biopsies to look for second stage larvae in humans are generally not very effective.<ref name="Huh, Sun, Sooung"/><ref name="Holland_2006"/>  [[PCR]], [[ELISA]], and [[serological testing]] are more commonly used to diagnose ''Toxocara'' infection.<ref name="Huh, Sun, Sooung"/><ref name="Holland_2006"/>  Serological tests are dependent on the number of larvae within the patient, and are unfortunately not very specific.<ref name="Holland_2006"/> ELISAs are much more reliable and currently have a 78% sensitivity and a 90% specificity.<ref name="Auweerter">{{cite book | last = Auweerter | first = Paul | name-list-style = vanc | publisher = Johns Hopkins | title = Point-of-Care Information Technology Center: ABX Guide. | chapter = Toxocariasis | date = 8 January 2008 | chapter-url = http://prod.hopkins-abxguide.org/pathogens/parasites/toxocariasis.html?contentInstanceId=425999&siteId=153 }}</ref> A 2007 study announced an ELISA specific to ''Toxocara canis'', which will minimize false positives from cross reactions with similar roundworms and will help distinguish if a patient is infected with ''T. canis'' or ''T. cati''.<ref name="pmid17374974">{{cite journal | vauthors = Iddawela RD, Rajapakse RP, Perera NA, Agatsuma T | title = Characterization of a Toxocara canis species-specific excretory-secretory antigen (TcES-57) and development of a double sandwich ELISA for diagnosis of visceral larva migrans | journal = The Korean Journal of Parasitology | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 19–26 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17374974 | pmc = 2526337 | doi = 10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.19 }}</ref> [[Ocular larva migrans|OLM]] is often diagnosed after a clinical examination.<ref name="Auweerter"/> Granulomas can be found throughout the body and can be visualized using ultrasound, MRI, and CT technologies.<ref name="Holland_2006"/>