Editing Zoophilia (section)

== Extent of occurrence ==
The [[Kinsey Reports]] reported the percentage of people who had sexual interaction with animals at some point in their lives as 8% for men and 3.6% for women, and claimed it rose to 40–50% in people living near farms,<ref name="deviance" /> but some later writers dispute the figures because the study lacked a random sample in that it included a disproportionate number of prisoners, resulting in [[wikipedia:Sampling bias|sampling bias]]. [[wikipedia:Martin Duberman|Martin Duberman]] has written that it is difficult to get a random sample in sexual research, and that even when [[wikipedia:Paul Gebhard|Paul Gebhard]], Kinsey's research successor, removed prison samples from the figures he found that they were not significantly changed.<ref name="duberman">{{Cite magazine|last=Duberman|first=Richard|date=1997-11-03|title=Kinsey's Urethra: A review of ''Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life'' by James H. Jones|url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/duberman.html|magazine=The Nation|pages=40–43|publisher=The Kinsey Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409223108if_/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/duberman.html|archive-date=2016-04-09|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-01-11|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

By 1974, the farm population in the United States had declined by 80 percent compared with 1940, reducing the opportunity to live with abundant privacy in proximity to a variety of animal species; Hunt's 1974 study suggests that these demographic changes led to a significant change in reported occurrences of bestiality. The percentage of males who reported sexual interactions with animals in 1974 was 4.9% (1948: 8.3%), and in females in 1974 was 1.9% (1953: 3.6%). Miletski believes this is not due to a reduction in interest, but merely a reduction in opportunity.<ref name="hunt-miletski">Hunt 1974, cited and re-examined by Miletski (1999).</ref>

[[wikipedia:Nancy Friday|Nancy Friday]]'s 1973 book on [[wikipedia:Female sexuality|female sexuality]], ''[[wikipedia:My Secret Garden|My Secret Garden]]'', is a collection of approximately 190 fantasies shared by different women; of these, 23 involve zoophilic activity.<ref name="friday">{{Cite book|last=Friday|first=Nancy|title=My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies|publisher=Trident Press|location=Boulder, Colorado|year=1973|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/7DJmAQAACAAJ|isbn=978-0-67-174252-2|pages=180–185|chapter=Room Number 11: What do women fantasize about? The Zoo.|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In one study, psychiatric patients were found to have a statistically significant higher prevalence rate (55%) of reported bestiality, both actual sexual contacts (45%) and sexual fantasies (30%) than the control groups of medical in-patients (10%) and psychiatric staff (15%).<ref name="psych">{{Cite journal|last1=Alvarez|first1=William A.|last2=Freinhar|first2=Jack P.|year=1991|title=A prevalence study of bestiality (zoophilia) in psychiatric in-patients, medical in-patients and psychiatric staff|volume=38|issue=1–4|pages=45–47|journal=International Journal of Psychosomatics|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-prevalence-study-of-bestiality-(zoophilia)-in-and-Alvarez-Freinhar/e06541b43412628437f84ff7d59beb5b7ff3dab6|url-access=subscription|pmid=1778686|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all|quote=It is recommended that due to the obvious prevalence of this condition, questions exploring this previously ignored topic should be routinely included in the psychiatric interview.}}</ref> Crépault and Couture (1980) reported that in their study of 94 men in heterosexual relationships between the ages of 20 and 45, five had fantasized about sexual activity with an animal during intercourse with their partner.<ref name="couture">{{Cite journal|last1=Crépault|first1=Claude|last2=Couture|first2=Marcel|date=December 1980|title=Men's erotic fantasies|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=9|issue=6|pages=565–581|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01542159|url-access=subscription|pmid=7458662|doi=10.1007/BF01542159|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In a 2014 study, 3% of women and 2.2% of men reported fantasies about having sex with an animal.<ref name="joyal">{{Cite journal|last1=Joyal|first1=Christian C.|last2=Cossette|first2=Amélie|last3=Lapierre|first3=Vanessa|date=February 2015|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267627883_What_Exactly_Is_an_Unusual_Sexual_Fantasy|title=What Exactly is an Unusual Sexual Fantasy?|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|volume=12|issue=2|pages=328–340|doi=10.1111/jsm.12734|pmid=25359122|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A 1982 comparative study found that of 186 University of Northern Iowa students, 14 (7.5%) had interacted sexually with an animal.<ref name="story">{{Cite journal|last1=Story|first1=Marilyn D.|date=Winter 1982|title=A comparison of university student experience with various sexual outlets in 1974 and 1980|journal=Adolescence|volume=17|issue=68|pages=737–747|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/076fdf694b4dc76f933d65a170de0108/1|url-access=subscription|pmid=7164870|access-date=2024-08-21|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

{{Anchor|Faunoiphilia}}
Sexual arousal from watching animals [[mate]] is known as ''faunoiphilia''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aggrawal|first=Anil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNkNhPZQprcC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA374|title=Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, Florida|edition=1st|chapter=Zoophilia and Bestiality|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.1201/9781420043099-16/zoophilia-bestiality-anil-aggrawal?context=ubx&refId=db706ee9-387d-48aa-b058-a8ea3a298d1e|date=2009-03-22|page=264|isbn=978-1-42-004309-9|doi=10.1201/9781420043099|access-date=2024-09-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A frequent interest in and sexual excitement at watching animals mate is cited as an indicator of latent zoophilia by Massen (1994). [[wikipedia:Sexual fantasy|Sexual fantasies]] about zoophilic acts can occur in people who do not have any wish to experience them in real life. Nancy Friday notes that zoophilia as a fantasy may provide an escape from cultural expectations, restrictions, and judgements in regard to sex.<ref name="friday" /> Masters (1962) says that some brothel madams used to stage exhibitions of animals mating as they found it aroused potential clientele, and that this may have encouraged the clients to engage in bestiality.<ref name="watching">{{Cite book|last=Masters|first=Robert E. L.|title=Forbidden Sexual Behavior and Morality: An Objective Re-examination of Perverse Sex Practices in Different Cultures|edition=3rd|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3912428|location=New York City|date=October 1962|publisher=The Julian Press|chapter=Psychical bestiality|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3912428&seq=129|pages=109–116|access-date=2024-09-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Several highly-cited studies by Chivers, et al., have documented stronger vaginal responses in women to films depicting [[wikipedia:Bonobo#Sexual social behavior|bonobo copulation]] than to non-sexual stimuli.<ref name="genital">{{Cite journal|last1=Chivers|first1=Meredith L.|last2=Bailey|first2=J. Michael|date=October 2005|title=A sex difference in features that elicit genital response|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301051105000323|url-access=subscription|journal=Biological Psychology|volume=70|issue=2|pages=115–120|pmid=16168255|doi=10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.12.002|access-date=2024-09-20|df=mdy-all|quote=These results suggest that stimulus features necessary to evoke genital arousal are much less specific in women than in men.}}</ref><ref name="gender">{{Cite journal|last1=Chivers|first1=Meredith L.|last2=Seto|first2=Michael C.|last3=Blanchard|first3=Ray|date=December 2007|title=Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors in sexual films|url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-17941-013|url-access=subscription|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=93|issue=6|pages=1108–1121|pmid=18072857|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1108|access-date=2024-09-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref>