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==Other animals== Cattle, goats, and sheep are most commonly infected, and can serve as a reservoir for the bacteria. Q fever is a well-recognized cause of abortions in [[ruminant]]s and pets. ''C. burnetii'' infection in dairy cattle has been well documented and its association with reproductive problems in these animals has been reported in Canada, the US, Cyprus, France, Hungary, Japan, Switzerland, and Germany.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=To |first1=Ho |last2=Sakai |first2=Ritsuko |last3=Shirota |first3=Kazutoshi |last4=Kano |first4=Chiaki |last5=Abe |first5=Satomi |last6=Sugimoto |first6=Tomoaki |last7=Takehara |first7=Kazuaki |last8=Morita |first8=Chiharu |last9=Takashima |first9=Ikuo |last10=Maruyama |first10=Tsutomu |last11=Yamaguchi |first11=Tsuyoshi |last12=Fukushi |first12=Hideto |last13=Hirai |first13=Katsuya |title=Coxiellosis in domestic and wild birds from Japan |journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases |date=April 1998 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=310–316 |doi=10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.310 |pmid=9577778 |s2cid=36217068 }}</ref> For instance, in a study published in 2008,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Czaplicki |first1=Guy |last2=Houtain |first2=Jean-Yves |last3=Mullender |first3=Cédric |last4=Porter |first4=Sarah Rebecca |last5=Humblet |first5=Marie-France |last6=Manteca |first6=Christophe |last7=Saegerman |first7=Claude |title=Apparent prevalence of antibodies to ''Coxiella burnetii'' (Q fever) in bulk tank milk from dairy herds in southern Belgium |journal=The Veterinary Journal |date=June 2012 |volume=192 |issue=3 |pages=529–531 |doi=10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.033 |pmid=21962829 |hdl=2268/103290 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> a significant association has been shown between the seropositivity of herds and the appearance of typical clinical signs of Q fever, such as abortion, stillbirth, weak calves, and repeat breeding. Moreover, experimental inoculation of ''C. burnetii'' in cattle induced not only respiratory disorders and cardiac failures ([[myocarditis]]), but also frequent abortions and irregular repeat breedings.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=M |last1=Plommet |first2=M |last2=Capponi |first3=J |last3=Gestin |first4=G |last4=Renoux |title=Fièvre Q expérimentale des bovins |trans-title=Experimental Q fever in cattle |language=fr |journal=Annales de Recherches Vétérinaires |year=1973 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=325–346 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00900769 }}</ref>
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