Alfred Kinsey - Revision history

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	*[http://www.fyne.co.uk/index.php?item=623 Gay Great] ''Fyne Times'' Magazine		*[http://www.fyne.co.uk/index.php?item=623 Gay Great] ''Fyne Times'' Magazine
	*[http://vault.fbi.gov/Alfred%20Kinsey FBI file on Alfred Kinsey]		*[http://vault.fbi.gov/Alfred%20Kinsey FBI file on Alfred Kinsey]

	~~{{Sexual revolution\|state=collapsed}}~~
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

			{{People}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Kinsey, Alfred}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Kinsey, Alfred}}
	[[Category:1894 births]]		[[Category:1894 births]]

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	[[Category:Bisexual academics]]		[[Category:Bisexual academics]]
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			{{Imported}}

	{{short description\|American scientist (1894–1956)}}		{{short description\|American scientist (1894–1956)}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2020}}
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	==Initial research on entomology==		==Initial research on entomology==
	In the fall of 1914, Kinsey entered Bowdoin College, where he studied [[entomology]] under Manton Copeland, and was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity, in whose house he lived for much of his time at college.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Weinberg \|first=Martin S. \|year=1976 \|title=Sex Research: Studies from the Kinsey Institute \|page=25 \|location=Oxford, UK \|publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gathorne-Hardy \|first=Jonathan \|year=2000 \|title=Sex, the Measure of All Things: A Life of Alfred C. Kinsey \|pages=37–38 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN \|isbn=0-253-33734-8}}</ref> In 1916 Kinsey was elected to the [[Phi Beta Kappa]] society and graduated [[magna cum laude]], with degrees in [[biology]] and [[psychology]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Christenson \|first=Cornelia V. \|year=1971 \|title=Kinsey: A Biography \|page=29 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN }}</ref> Alfred Seguine Kinsey did not attend his son's graduation ceremony from Bowdoin, possibly as another sign of disapproval of his son's choice of career and studies.		In the fall of 1914, Kinsey entered Bowdoin College, where he studied [[entomology]] under Manton Copeland, and was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity, in whose house he lived for much of his time at college.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Weinberg \|first=Martin S. \|year=1976 \|title=Sex Research: Studies from the Kinsey Institute \|page=25 \|location=Oxford, UK \|publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gathorne-Hardy \|first=Jonathan \|year=2000 \|title=Sex, the Measure of All Things: A Life of Alfred C. Kinsey \|pages=37–38 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN \|isbn=0-253-33734-8}}</ref> In 1916 Kinsey was elected to the [[Phi Beta Kappa]] [[society]] and graduated [[magna cum laude]], with degrees in [[biology]] and [[psychology]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Christenson \|first=Cornelia V. \|year=1971 \|title=Kinsey: A Biography \|page=29 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN }}</ref> Alfred Seguine Kinsey did not attend his son's graduation ceremony from Bowdoin, possibly as another sign of disapproval of his son's choice of career and studies.

	Kinsey continued his graduate studies at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Bussey Institute]], which had one of the most highly regarded biology programs in the United States. It was there that Kinsey studied applied biology under [[William Morton Wheeler]], a scientist who made outstanding contributions to [[entomology]]. Under Wheeler, Kinsey worked almost completely autonomously, which suited both men quite well.		Kinsey continued his graduate studies at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Bussey Institute]], which had one of the most highly regarded biology programs in the United States. It was there that Kinsey studied applied biology under [[William Morton Wheeler]], a scientist who made outstanding contributions to [[entomology]]. Under Wheeler, Kinsey worked almost completely autonomously, which suited both men quite well.
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	{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}		{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}
	[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]		[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]
	Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into [[sexuality]] among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring sexual orientation, now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.		Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into [[sexuality]] among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring [[sexual orientation]], now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.

	In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to [[further]] study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.		In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to [[further]] study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 7 June 2021
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	{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}		{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}
	[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]		[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]
	Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into sexuality among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring sexual orientation, now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.		Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into [[sexuality]] among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring sexual orientation, now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.

	In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to further study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.		In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to [[further]] study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.

	=== Controversial aspects ===		=== Controversial aspects ===
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	Jones wrote that Kinsey's sexual activity influenced his work, that he over-represented prisoners and prostitutes, classified some single people as "married",<ref name="Jones">Jones, James H. (1997). Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life. New York: Norton.</ref> and that he included a disproportionate number of homosexual men, which may have distorted his studies.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> While he has been criticized for omitting African-Americans from his research,<ref name="Reumann0">{{cite journal\|last = Reumann\|first = Miriam\|title = American Sexual Character: Sex, Gender, and National Identity in the Kinsey Reports\|journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior\|volume = 36\|issue = 5\|page = 294\|publisher = Springer Netherlands\|location = University of California Press, Berkeley\|year = 2005\|doi=10.1007/s10508-007-9230-z \|s2cid = 189871726}}</ref> his report on the human male includes numerous references to African-American participants.{{sfn\|Reumann\|2005\|page=24}} Historian [[Vern Bullough]] writes that the data was later reinterpreted, excluding prisoners and data derived from an exclusively gay sample, and the results indicate that it does not appear to have skewed the data. Kinsey may have over-represented homosexuals, but Bullough considers that this may have been because homosexual behavior was stigmatized and needed to be better understood.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> [[Paul Gebhard]], who was Kinsey's colleague from 1946 to 1956 and who also succeeded Kinsey as Director of the Kinsey Institute following his death,<ref name=gebhardrelia>{{cite web\|url=https://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/gebhard.htm\|title=NEW RIVER MEDIA INTERVIEW WITH: PAUL GEBHARD Colleague of Alfred Kinsey 1946–1956 Former Director of the Kinsey Institute\|author=New River Media\|publisher=PBS.org\|access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref> attempted to justify Kinsey's work in the 1970s by removing some of the suspect data where Kinsey allegedly showed a bias towards homosexuality.<ref name=gebhardrelia /> After Gebhard recalculated the findings in Kinsey's work, he found only slight differences between the original and updated figures.<ref>Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan (2005). ''Kinsey: A Biography'', p 285. London: Pimlico</ref>		Jones wrote that Kinsey's sexual activity influenced his work, that he over-represented prisoners and prostitutes, classified some single people as "married",<ref name="Jones">Jones, James H. (1997). Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life. New York: Norton.</ref> and that he included a disproportionate number of homosexual men, which may have distorted his studies.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> While he has been criticized for omitting African-Americans from his research,<ref name="Reumann0">{{cite journal\|last = Reumann\|first = Miriam\|title = American Sexual Character: Sex, Gender, and National Identity in the Kinsey Reports\|journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior\|volume = 36\|issue = 5\|page = 294\|publisher = Springer Netherlands\|location = University of California Press, Berkeley\|year = 2005\|doi=10.1007/s10508-007-9230-z \|s2cid = 189871726}}</ref> his report on the human male includes numerous references to African-American participants.{{sfn\|Reumann\|2005\|page=24}} Historian [[Vern Bullough]] writes that the data was later reinterpreted, excluding prisoners and data derived from an exclusively gay sample, and the results indicate that it does not appear to have skewed the data. Kinsey may have over-represented homosexuals, but Bullough considers that this may have been because homosexual behavior was stigmatized and needed to be better understood.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> [[Paul Gebhard]], who was Kinsey's colleague from 1946 to 1956 and who also succeeded Kinsey as Director of the Kinsey Institute following his death,<ref name=gebhardrelia>{{cite web\|url=https://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/gebhard.htm\|title=NEW RIVER MEDIA INTERVIEW WITH: PAUL GEBHARD Colleague of Alfred Kinsey 1946–1956 Former Director of the Kinsey Institute\|author=New River Media\|publisher=PBS.org\|access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref> attempted to justify Kinsey's work in the 1970s by removing some of the suspect data where Kinsey allegedly showed a bias towards homosexuality.<ref name=gebhardrelia /> After Gebhard recalculated the findings in Kinsey's work, he found only slight differences between the original and updated figures.<ref>Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan (2005). ''Kinsey: A Biography'', p 285. London: Pimlico</ref>

	Bailey et al., in their 2016 review of the sexual orientation literature, stated that Kinsey's survey likely overestimated the frequencies of nonheterosexual attractions and expressions.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Bailey\|first1=J. Michael\|last2=Vasey\|first2=Paul\|last3=Diamond\|first3=Lisa\|last4=Breedlove\|first4=S. Marc\|last5=Vilain\|first5=Eric\|last6=Epprecht\|first6=Marc\|title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science\|journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest\|date=2016\|volume=17\|issue=2\|pages=45–101\|doi=10.1177/1529100616637616\|pmid=27113562\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		Bailey et al., in their 2016 review of the sexual orientation [[literature]], stated that Kinsey's survey likely overestimated the frequencies of nonheterosexual attractions and expressions.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Bailey\|first1=J. Michael\|last2=Vasey\|first2=Paul\|last3=Diamond\|first3=Lisa\|last4=Breedlove\|first4=S. Marc\|last5=Vilain\|first5=Eric\|last6=Epprecht\|first6=Marc\|title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science\|journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest\|date=2016\|volume=17\|issue=2\|pages=45–101\|doi=10.1177/1529100616637616\|pmid=27113562\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
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	The early 2000s saw a renewed interest in Kinsey. In 2003 [[Theatre of NOTE]] produced the Steve Morgan Haskell play titled ''Fucking Wasps'' which followed Kinsey's life from childhood until death. Matt Sesow's paintings adorned the theater along with David Bickford playing piano live. Written and directed by Steve Morgan Haskell, ''Fucking Wasps'' received many accolades, including a Playwriting of the Year nomination from Backstage West. Premiering in 2003, the musical ''Dr. Sex'' focuses on the relationship between Kinsey, his wife, and their shared lover Wally Matthews (based on [[Clyde Martin]]). The play had a score by Larry Bortniker, a book by Bortniker and Sally Deering, and won seven [[Joseph Jefferson Awards\|Jeff Awards]]. It was produced off-Broadway in 2005. The 2004 [[biographical film]] ''[[Kinsey (film)\|Kinsey]]'', written and directed by [[Bill Condon]], stars [[Liam Neeson]] as the scientist and [[Laura Linney]] as his wife. In 2004 [[T. Coraghessan Boyle]]'s novel about Kinsey, ''[[The Inner Circle (T. C. Boyle novel)\|The Inner Circle]]'', was published. The following year, [[Public Broadcasting Service\|PBS]] produced the documentary ''Kinsey'' in cooperation with the [[Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction\|Kinsey Institute]], which allowed access to many of its files. ''Mr. Sex'', a [[BBC]] radio play by Steve Coombes concerning Kinsey and his work, won the 2005 Imison Award.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Imison Award 2005 \|url=http://www.suttonelms.org.uk/imison2005.html \|publisher=Society of Authors \|access-date=September 12, 2007}}</ref>		The early 2000s saw a renewed interest in Kinsey. In 2003 [[Theatre of NOTE]] produced the Steve Morgan Haskell play titled ''Fucking Wasps'' which followed Kinsey's life from childhood until death. Matt Sesow's paintings adorned the theater along with David Bickford playing piano live. Written and directed by Steve Morgan Haskell, ''Fucking Wasps'' received many accolades, including a Playwriting of the Year nomination from Backstage West. Premiering in 2003, the musical ''Dr. Sex'' focuses on the relationship between Kinsey, his wife, and their shared lover Wally Matthews (based on [[Clyde Martin]]). The play had a score by Larry Bortniker, a book by Bortniker and Sally Deering, and won seven [[Joseph Jefferson Awards\|Jeff Awards]]. It was produced off-Broadway in 2005. The 2004 [[biographical film]] ''[[Kinsey (film)\|Kinsey]]'', written and directed by [[Bill Condon]], stars [[Liam Neeson]] as the scientist and [[Laura Linney]] as his wife. In 2004 [[T. Coraghessan Boyle]]'s novel about Kinsey, ''[[The Inner Circle (T. C. Boyle novel)\|The Inner Circle]]'', was published. The following year, [[Public Broadcasting Service\|PBS]] produced the documentary ''Kinsey'' in cooperation with the [[Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction\|Kinsey Institute]], which allowed access to many of its files. ''Mr. Sex'', a [[BBC]] radio play by Steve Coombes concerning Kinsey and his work, won the 2005 Imison Award.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Imison Award 2005 \|url=http://www.suttonelms.org.uk/imison2005.html \|publisher=Society of Authors \|access-date=September 12, 2007}}</ref>

	In 2012 Kinsey was inducted into the [[Legacy Walk]] in Chicago, an outdoor public display which celebrates [[LGBT]] history and people.<ref>[http://www.legacyprojectchicago.org/2012_INDUCTEES.html 2012 INDUCTEES]. Legacyprojectchicago.org (June 2, 2013). Retrieved on June 30, 2015.</ref>		In 2012 Kinsey was inducted into the [[Legacy Walk]] in Chicago, an outdoor public display which celebrates [[LGBT]] [[history]] and people.<ref>[http://www.legacyprojectchicago.org/2012_INDUCTEES.html 2012 INDUCTEES]. Legacyprojectchicago.org (June 2, 2013). Retrieved on June 30, 2015.</ref>

	In June 2019, Kinsey was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the [[National LGBTQ Wall of Honor]] within the [[Stonewall National Monument]] (SNM) in [[New York City]]’s [[Stonewall Inn]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn\|last=Glasses-Baker\|first=Becca\|date=June 27, 2019\|website=www.metro.us\|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="SDGLN">{{Cite web\|url=https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn\|last=SDGLN\|first=Timothy Rawles-Community Editor for\|date=June 19, 2019\|website=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News\|language=en\|access-date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> The SNM is the first [[National monument (United States)\|U.S. national monument]] dedicated to [[LGBT rights in the United States\|LGBTQ rights]] and [[History of LGBT people\|history]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833\|title=Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall\|website=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.\|language=en\|access-date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019\|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/\|title=Stonewall 50\|date=April 3, 2019\|website=San Francisco Bay Times\|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>		In June 2019, Kinsey was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the [[National LGBTQ Wall of Honor]] within the [[Stonewall National Monument]] (SNM) in [[New York City]]’s [[Stonewall Inn]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn\|last=Glasses-Baker\|first=Becca\|date=June 27, 2019\|website=www.metro.us\|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="SDGLN">{{Cite web\|url=https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn\|last=SDGLN\|first=Timothy Rawles-Community Editor for\|date=June 19, 2019\|website=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News\|language=en\|access-date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> The SNM is the first [[National monument (United States)\|U.S. national monument]] dedicated to [[LGBT rights in the United States\|LGBTQ rights]] and [[History of LGBT people\|history]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833\|title=Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall\|website=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.\|language=en\|access-date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019\|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/\|title=Stonewall 50\|date=April 3, 2019\|website=San Francisco Bay Times\|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>

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			{{Imported}}

	{{short description\|American scientist (1894–1956)}}		{{short description\|American scientist (1894–1956)}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2020}}
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	==Initial research on entomology==		==Initial research on entomology==
	In the fall of 1914, Kinsey entered Bowdoin College, where he studied [[entomology]] under Manton Copeland, and was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity, in whose house he lived for much of his time at college.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Weinberg \|first=Martin S. \|year=1976 \|title=Sex Research: Studies from the Kinsey Institute \|page=25 \|location=Oxford, UK \|publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gathorne-Hardy \|first=Jonathan \|year=2000 \|title=Sex, the Measure of All Things: A Life of Alfred C. Kinsey \|pages=37–38 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN \|isbn=0-253-33734-8}}</ref> In 1916 Kinsey was elected to the [[Phi Beta Kappa]] society and graduated [[magna cum laude]], with degrees in [[biology]] and [[psychology]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Christenson \|first=Cornelia V. \|year=1971 \|title=Kinsey: A Biography \|page=29 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN }}</ref> Alfred Seguine Kinsey did not attend his son's graduation ceremony from Bowdoin, possibly as another sign of disapproval of his son's choice of career and studies.		In the fall of 1914, Kinsey entered Bowdoin College, where he studied [[entomology]] under Manton Copeland, and was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity, in whose house he lived for much of his time at college.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Weinberg \|first=Martin S. \|year=1976 \|title=Sex Research: Studies from the Kinsey Institute \|page=25 \|location=Oxford, UK \|publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gathorne-Hardy \|first=Jonathan \|year=2000 \|title=Sex, the Measure of All Things: A Life of Alfred C. Kinsey \|pages=37–38 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN \|isbn=0-253-33734-8}}</ref> In 1916 Kinsey was elected to the [[Phi Beta Kappa]] [[society]] and graduated [[magna cum laude]], with degrees in [[biology]] and [[psychology]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Christenson \|first=Cornelia V. \|year=1971 \|title=Kinsey: A Biography \|page=29 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN }}</ref> Alfred Seguine Kinsey did not attend his son's graduation ceremony from Bowdoin, possibly as another sign of disapproval of his son's choice of career and studies.

	Kinsey continued his graduate studies at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Bussey Institute]], which had one of the most highly regarded biology programs in the United States. It was there that Kinsey studied applied biology under [[William Morton Wheeler]], a scientist who made outstanding contributions to [[entomology]]. Under Wheeler, Kinsey worked almost completely autonomously, which suited both men quite well.		Kinsey continued his graduate studies at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Bussey Institute]], which had one of the most highly regarded biology programs in the United States. It was there that Kinsey studied applied biology under [[William Morton Wheeler]], a scientist who made outstanding contributions to [[entomology]]. Under Wheeler, Kinsey worked almost completely autonomously, which suited both men quite well.
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	{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}		{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}
	[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]		[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]
	Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into [[sexuality]] among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring sexual orientation, now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.		Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into [[sexuality]] among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring [[sexual orientation]], now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.

	In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to [[further]] study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.		In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to [[further]] study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 7 June 2021
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	{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}		{{main\|Kinsey Reports}}
	[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]		[[File:Front row (left to right)- Cornelia V. Christenson; Mrs. Leser; Clyde E. Martin. Arranged on steps (left to right)- Mrs. Brown; Paul H. Gebhard; William Dellenback; Alfred E. Kinsey; Wardell B. (5493916199).jpg\|thumb\|Kinsey (center) with staff of the Institute for Sexual Research, later renamed the [[Kinsey Institute]]]]
	Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into sexuality among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring sexual orientation, now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.		Kinsey is widely regarded as the first major figure in American [[sexology]]; his research is cited as having paved the way for a deeper exploration into [[sexuality]] among sexologists and the general public, as well as liberating [[Human female sexuality\|female sexuality]].<ref name="Irvine">{{cite book\|title=Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology\|isbn= 978-1592131518\|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]\|year=2005\|pages=37–43\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37\|author=Irvine, Janice M. }}</ref><ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book \| author= Charles Zastrow\|author-link=Charles Zastrow\|title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People \| publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]\|year= 2007\|pages=227–228\| isbn = 978-0495095101 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248}}</ref> For example, Kinsey's work disputed the notions that women generally are not sexual and that female [[orgasm]]s experienced [[vagina]]lly are superior to [[Clitoris\|clitoral]] orgasms.<ref name="Irvine"/><ref name="Zastrow"/> He initially became interested in different forms of sexual practices in 1933, after discussing the topic extensively with a colleague, Robert Kroc. Kinsey had been studying the variations in mating practices among [[gall wasp]]s. During this time, he developed a scale measuring sexual orientation, now known as the [[Kinsey scale]], which ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 is exclusively [[heterosexuality\|heterosexual]] and 6 is exclusively [[homosexuality\|homosexual]]; a rating of X for "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" was later added.

	In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to further study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.		In 1935, Kinsey delivered a lecture to a faculty discussion group at Indiana University, his first public discussion of the topic, wherein he attacked the "widespread ignorance of sexual structure and physiology" and promoted his view that "delayed marriage" (that is, delayed sexual experience) was psychologically harmful. Kinsey obtained research funding from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which enabled him to [[further]] study human sexual behavior.<ref>, Jones, James H. Alfred C. Kinsey: A Life WW Norton New York, New York pages 441–445</ref> He published ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948, followed in 1953 by ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', both of which reached the top of the bestseller lists and turned Kinsey into a celebrity. These publications later became known as the Kinsey Reports. Articles about him appeared in magazines such as ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'', ''[[Life magazine\|Life]]'', ''[[Look (American magazine)\|Look]]'', and ''[[McCall's]]''. The Kinsey Reports, which led to a storm of controversy, are regarded by many as a precursor to the [[sexual revolution]] of the 1960s and 1970s.

	=== Controversial aspects ===		=== Controversial aspects ===
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	Jones wrote that Kinsey's sexual activity influenced his work, that he over-represented prisoners and prostitutes, classified some single people as "married",<ref name="Jones">Jones, James H. (1997). Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life. New York: Norton.</ref> and that he included a disproportionate number of homosexual men, which may have distorted his studies.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> While he has been criticized for omitting African-Americans from his research,<ref name="Reumann0">{{cite journal\|last = Reumann\|first = Miriam\|title = American Sexual Character: Sex, Gender, and National Identity in the Kinsey Reports\|journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior\|volume = 36\|issue = 5\|page = 294\|publisher = Springer Netherlands\|location = University of California Press, Berkeley\|year = 2005\|doi=10.1007/s10508-007-9230-z \|s2cid = 189871726}}</ref> his report on the human male includes numerous references to African-American participants.{{sfn\|Reumann\|2005\|page=24}} Historian [[Vern Bullough]] writes that the data was later reinterpreted, excluding prisoners and data derived from an exclusively gay sample, and the results indicate that it does not appear to have skewed the data. Kinsey may have over-represented homosexuals, but Bullough considers that this may have been because homosexual behavior was stigmatized and needed to be better understood.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> [[Paul Gebhard]], who was Kinsey's colleague from 1946 to 1956 and who also succeeded Kinsey as Director of the Kinsey Institute following his death,<ref name=gebhardrelia>{{cite web\|url=https://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/gebhard.htm\|title=NEW RIVER MEDIA INTERVIEW WITH: PAUL GEBHARD Colleague of Alfred Kinsey 1946–1956 Former Director of the Kinsey Institute\|author=New River Media\|publisher=PBS.org\|access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref> attempted to justify Kinsey's work in the 1970s by removing some of the suspect data where Kinsey allegedly showed a bias towards homosexuality.<ref name=gebhardrelia /> After Gebhard recalculated the findings in Kinsey's work, he found only slight differences between the original and updated figures.<ref>Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan (2005). ''Kinsey: A Biography'', p 285. London: Pimlico</ref>		Jones wrote that Kinsey's sexual activity influenced his work, that he over-represented prisoners and prostitutes, classified some single people as "married",<ref name="Jones">Jones, James H. (1997). Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life. New York: Norton.</ref> and that he included a disproportionate number of homosexual men, which may have distorted his studies.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> While he has been criticized for omitting African-Americans from his research,<ref name="Reumann0">{{cite journal\|last = Reumann\|first = Miriam\|title = American Sexual Character: Sex, Gender, and National Identity in the Kinsey Reports\|journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior\|volume = 36\|issue = 5\|page = 294\|publisher = Springer Netherlands\|location = University of California Press, Berkeley\|year = 2005\|doi=10.1007/s10508-007-9230-z \|s2cid = 189871726}}</ref> his report on the human male includes numerous references to African-American participants.{{sfn\|Reumann\|2005\|page=24}} Historian [[Vern Bullough]] writes that the data was later reinterpreted, excluding prisoners and data derived from an exclusively gay sample, and the results indicate that it does not appear to have skewed the data. Kinsey may have over-represented homosexuals, but Bullough considers that this may have been because homosexual behavior was stigmatized and needed to be better understood.<ref name="Vern1"/><ref name="Vern2"/> [[Paul Gebhard]], who was Kinsey's colleague from 1946 to 1956 and who also succeeded Kinsey as Director of the Kinsey Institute following his death,<ref name=gebhardrelia>{{cite web\|url=https://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/gebhard.htm\|title=NEW RIVER MEDIA INTERVIEW WITH: PAUL GEBHARD Colleague of Alfred Kinsey 1946–1956 Former Director of the Kinsey Institute\|author=New River Media\|publisher=PBS.org\|access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref> attempted to justify Kinsey's work in the 1970s by removing some of the suspect data where Kinsey allegedly showed a bias towards homosexuality.<ref name=gebhardrelia /> After Gebhard recalculated the findings in Kinsey's work, he found only slight differences between the original and updated figures.<ref>Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan (2005). ''Kinsey: A Biography'', p 285. London: Pimlico</ref>

	Bailey et al., in their 2016 review of the sexual orientation literature, stated that Kinsey's survey likely overestimated the frequencies of nonheterosexual attractions and expressions.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Bailey\|first1=J. Michael\|last2=Vasey\|first2=Paul\|last3=Diamond\|first3=Lisa\|last4=Breedlove\|first4=S. Marc\|last5=Vilain\|first5=Eric\|last6=Epprecht\|first6=Marc\|title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science\|journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest\|date=2016\|volume=17\|issue=2\|pages=45–101\|doi=10.1177/1529100616637616\|pmid=27113562\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		Bailey et al., in their 2016 review of the sexual orientation [[literature]], stated that Kinsey's survey likely overestimated the frequencies of nonheterosexual attractions and expressions.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Bailey\|first1=J. Michael\|last2=Vasey\|first2=Paul\|last3=Diamond\|first3=Lisa\|last4=Breedlove\|first4=S. Marc\|last5=Vilain\|first5=Eric\|last6=Epprecht\|first6=Marc\|title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science\|journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest\|date=2016\|volume=17\|issue=2\|pages=45–101\|doi=10.1177/1529100616637616\|pmid=27113562\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
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	The early 2000s saw a renewed interest in Kinsey. In 2003 [[Theatre of NOTE]] produced the Steve Morgan Haskell play titled ''Fucking Wasps'' which followed Kinsey's life from childhood until death. Matt Sesow's paintings adorned the theater along with David Bickford playing piano live. Written and directed by Steve Morgan Haskell, ''Fucking Wasps'' received many accolades, including a Playwriting of the Year nomination from Backstage West. Premiering in 2003, the musical ''Dr. Sex'' focuses on the relationship between Kinsey, his wife, and their shared lover Wally Matthews (based on [[Clyde Martin]]). The play had a score by Larry Bortniker, a book by Bortniker and Sally Deering, and won seven [[Joseph Jefferson Awards\|Jeff Awards]]. It was produced off-Broadway in 2005. The 2004 [[biographical film]] ''[[Kinsey (film)\|Kinsey]]'', written and directed by [[Bill Condon]], stars [[Liam Neeson]] as the scientist and [[Laura Linney]] as his wife. In 2004 [[T. Coraghessan Boyle]]'s novel about Kinsey, ''[[The Inner Circle (T. C. Boyle novel)\|The Inner Circle]]'', was published. The following year, [[Public Broadcasting Service\|PBS]] produced the documentary ''Kinsey'' in cooperation with the [[Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction\|Kinsey Institute]], which allowed access to many of its files. ''Mr. Sex'', a [[BBC]] radio play by Steve Coombes concerning Kinsey and his work, won the 2005 Imison Award.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Imison Award 2005 \|url=http://www.suttonelms.org.uk/imison2005.html \|publisher=Society of Authors \|access-date=September 12, 2007}}</ref>		The early 2000s saw a renewed interest in Kinsey. In 2003 [[Theatre of NOTE]] produced the Steve Morgan Haskell play titled ''Fucking Wasps'' which followed Kinsey's life from childhood until death. Matt Sesow's paintings adorned the theater along with David Bickford playing piano live. Written and directed by Steve Morgan Haskell, ''Fucking Wasps'' received many accolades, including a Playwriting of the Year nomination from Backstage West. Premiering in 2003, the musical ''Dr. Sex'' focuses on the relationship between Kinsey, his wife, and their shared lover Wally Matthews (based on [[Clyde Martin]]). The play had a score by Larry Bortniker, a book by Bortniker and Sally Deering, and won seven [[Joseph Jefferson Awards\|Jeff Awards]]. It was produced off-Broadway in 2005. The 2004 [[biographical film]] ''[[Kinsey (film)\|Kinsey]]'', written and directed by [[Bill Condon]], stars [[Liam Neeson]] as the scientist and [[Laura Linney]] as his wife. In 2004 [[T. Coraghessan Boyle]]'s novel about Kinsey, ''[[The Inner Circle (T. C. Boyle novel)\|The Inner Circle]]'', was published. The following year, [[Public Broadcasting Service\|PBS]] produced the documentary ''Kinsey'' in cooperation with the [[Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction\|Kinsey Institute]], which allowed access to many of its files. ''Mr. Sex'', a [[BBC]] radio play by Steve Coombes concerning Kinsey and his work, won the 2005 Imison Award.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Imison Award 2005 \|url=http://www.suttonelms.org.uk/imison2005.html \|publisher=Society of Authors \|access-date=September 12, 2007}}</ref>

	In 2012 Kinsey was inducted into the [[Legacy Walk]] in Chicago, an outdoor public display which celebrates [[LGBT]] history and people.<ref>[http://www.legacyprojectchicago.org/2012_INDUCTEES.html 2012 INDUCTEES]. Legacyprojectchicago.org (June 2, 2013). Retrieved on June 30, 2015.</ref>		In 2012 Kinsey was inducted into the [[Legacy Walk]] in Chicago, an outdoor public display which celebrates [[LGBT]] [[history]] and people.<ref>[http://www.legacyprojectchicago.org/2012_INDUCTEES.html 2012 INDUCTEES]. Legacyprojectchicago.org (June 2, 2013). Retrieved on June 30, 2015.</ref>

	In June 2019, Kinsey was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the [[National LGBTQ Wall of Honor]] within the [[Stonewall National Monument]] (SNM) in [[New York City]]’s [[Stonewall Inn]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn\|last=Glasses-Baker\|first=Becca\|date=June 27, 2019\|website=www.metro.us\|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="SDGLN">{{Cite web\|url=https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn\|last=SDGLN\|first=Timothy Rawles-Community Editor for\|date=June 19, 2019\|website=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News\|language=en\|access-date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> The SNM is the first [[National monument (United States)\|U.S. national monument]] dedicated to [[LGBT rights in the United States\|LGBTQ rights]] and [[History of LGBT people\|history]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833\|title=Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall\|website=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.\|language=en\|access-date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019\|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/\|title=Stonewall 50\|date=April 3, 2019\|website=San Francisco Bay Times\|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>		In June 2019, Kinsey was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the [[National LGBTQ Wall of Honor]] within the [[Stonewall National Monument]] (SNM) in [[New York City]]’s [[Stonewall Inn]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/stonewall-inn-lgbtq-wall-honor\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor unveiled at Stonewall Inn\|last=Glasses-Baker\|first=Becca\|date=June 27, 2019\|website=www.metro.us\|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="SDGLN">{{Cite web\|url=https://sdgln.com/news/2019/06/19/national-lgbtq-wall-honor-be-unveiled-historic-stonewall-inn\|title=National LGBTQ Wall of Honor to be unveiled at historic Stonewall Inn\|last=SDGLN\|first=Timothy Rawles-Community Editor for\|date=June 19, 2019\|website=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News\|language=en\|access-date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> The SNM is the first [[National monument (United States)\|U.S. national monument]] dedicated to [[LGBT rights in the United States\|LGBTQ rights]] and [[History of LGBT people\|history]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/news//272833\|title=Groups seek names for Stonewall 50 honor wall\|website=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.\|language=en\|access-date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019\|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://sfbaytimes.com/stonewall-50/\|title=Stonewall 50\|date=April 3, 2019\|website=San Francisco Bay Times\|access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref>