Animal sexual behaviour - Revision history

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2021-06-14T20:14:37Z

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	===Monogamy===		===Monogamy===
	:''Main article: [[Monogamamous pairing in animals]]''		:''[[Portal:Main\|Main]] article: [[Monogamamous pairing in animals]]''
	Zoologists and biologists now have solid evidence that monogamous pairs of animals are not always sexually exclusive. Many animals that form pairs to mate and raise offspring regularly engage in sexual activities with extra-pair partners<ref name="Ågren,Zhou,Zhong,1989">Ågren, G., Zhou, Q. & Zhong, W. (1989). Ecology and social behaviour of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus, at Xiliuhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Animal Behaviour, 37, 11-27.</ref><ref name="Barash,1981">Barash, D.P. (1981). Mate guarding and gallivanting by male hoary marmots (Marmota caligata). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 9, 187-193.</ref><ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1995">Birkhead, T.R. & Møller, A.P. (1995). Extra-pair copulations and extra-pair paternity in birds. Animal Behaviour, 49, 843-848.</ref><ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1996">Birkhead, T.R. & Møller, A.P. (1996). Monogamy and sperm competition in birds. In J. M. Black (Ed.), Partnerships in Birds: The Study of Monogamy (pp. 323-343). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref><ref name="Foltz,1981">Foltz, D.W. (1981). Genetic evidence for long-term monogamy in a small rodent, Peromyscus polionotus. American Naturalist, 117, 665-675.</ref><ref name="Gursky,2000">Gursky, S.L. (2000). Sociality in the spectral tarsier, Tarsius spectrum. American Journal of Primatology, 51, 89-101.</ref><ref name="Hasselquist,Sherman,2001"> Hasselquist, D. S. & Sherman, P.W. (2001). Social mating systems and extrapair fertilizations in passerine birds. Behavioural Ecology, 12, 457-466.</ref><ref name="Hubrecht,1985">Hubrecht, R.C. (1985). Home range size and use and territorial behaviour in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus, at the Tapacura Field Station, Recife, Brazil. International Journal of Primatology, 6, 533-550.</ref><ref name="Mason,1966">Mason, W.A. (1966). Social organization of the South American monkey, Callicebus moloch: a preliminary report. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 13, 23-28.</ref><ref name="McKinney,Derrickson,Mineau,1983">McKinney, F., Derrickson, S.R., & Mineau, P. (1983). Forced copulation in waterfowl. Behaviour, 86, 250-294.</ref><ref name=Reichard,1995">Reichard, U. (1995). Extra-pair Copulations in a Monogamous Gibbon (Hylobates lar). Ethology, 100, 99-112.</ref><ref name="Reichard,2002">Reichard, U.H. (2002). Monogamy—A variable relationship. Max Planck Research, 3, 62-67.</ref><ref name="Richardson,1987">Richardson, P.R.K. (1987). Aardwolf mating system: overt cuckoldry in an apparently monogamous mammal. South African Journal of Science, 83, 405-412.</ref><ref name="Welsh,Sedinger,1990"> Welsh, D. & Sedinger, J.S. (1990). Extra-Pair copulations in Black Brant. The Condor, 92, 242-244.</ref><ref name="Westneat,Stewart,2003>Westneat, D.F. & Stewart, I.R.K. (2003). Extra-pair paternity in birds: causes, correlates, and conflict. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 365-396.</ref>		Zoologists and biologists now have solid evidence that monogamous pairs of animals are not always sexually exclusive. Many animals that form pairs to mate and raise offspring regularly engage in sexual activities with extra-pair partners<ref name="Ågren,Zhou,Zhong,1989">Ågren, G., Zhou, Q. & Zhong, W. (1989). Ecology and social behaviour of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus, at Xiliuhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Animal Behaviour, 37, 11-27.</ref><ref name="Barash,1981">Barash, D.P. (1981). Mate guarding and gallivanting by male hoary marmots (Marmota caligata). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 9, 187-193.</ref><ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1995">Birkhead, T.R. & Møller, A.P. (1995). Extra-pair copulations and extra-pair paternity in birds. Animal Behaviour, 49, 843-848.</ref><ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1996">Birkhead, T.R. & Møller, A.P. (1996). Monogamy and sperm competition in birds. In J. M. Black (Ed.), Partnerships in Birds: The Study of Monogamy (pp. 323-343). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref><ref name="Foltz,1981">Foltz, D.W. (1981). Genetic evidence for long-term monogamy in a small rodent, Peromyscus polionotus. American Naturalist, 117, 665-675.</ref><ref name="Gursky,2000">Gursky, S.L. (2000). Sociality in the spectral tarsier, Tarsius spectrum. American Journal of Primatology, 51, 89-101.</ref><ref name="Hasselquist,Sherman,2001"> Hasselquist, D. S. & Sherman, P.W. (2001). Social mating systems and extrapair fertilizations in passerine birds. Behavioural Ecology, 12, 457-466.</ref><ref name="Hubrecht,1985">Hubrecht, R.C. (1985). Home range size and use and territorial behaviour in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus, at the Tapacura Field Station, Recife, Brazil. International Journal of Primatology, 6, 533-550.</ref><ref name="Mason,1966">Mason, W.A. (1966). Social organization of the South American monkey, Callicebus moloch: a preliminary report. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 13, 23-28.</ref><ref name="McKinney,Derrickson,Mineau,1983">McKinney, F., Derrickson, S.R., & Mineau, P. (1983). Forced copulation in waterfowl. Behaviour, 86, 250-294.</ref><ref name=Reichard,1995">Reichard, U. (1995). Extra-pair Copulations in a Monogamous Gibbon (Hylobates lar). Ethology, 100, 99-112.</ref><ref name="Reichard,2002">Reichard, U.H. (2002). Monogamy—A variable relationship. Max Planck Research, 3, 62-67.</ref><ref name="Richardson,1987">Richardson, P.R.K. (1987). Aardwolf mating system: overt cuckoldry in an apparently monogamous mammal. South African Journal of Science, 83, 405-412.</ref><ref name="Welsh,Sedinger,1990"> Welsh, D. & Sedinger, J.S. (1990). Extra-Pair copulations in Black Brant. The Condor, 92, 242-244.</ref><ref name="Westneat,Stewart,2003>Westneat, D.F. & Stewart, I.R.K. (2003). Extra-pair paternity in birds: causes, correlates, and conflict. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 365-396.</ref>
	This includes previous exemplars such as [[swan]]s. Sometimes these extra-pair sexual activities lead to offspring. Genetic tests frequently show that some of the offspring raised by a monogamous pair come from the female mating with an extra-pair male partner.<ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1995"/><ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1996"/><ref name="Owens,Hartley,1998">Owens, I.P.F. & Hartley, I.R. (1998). Sexual dimorphism in birds: why are there so many different forms of dimorphism? Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B265, 397–407.</ref><ref name="Solomon,Keane,Knoch,Hogan,2004">Solomon, N.G., Keane, B., Knoch, L.R., & Hogan, P.J. (2004). Multiple paternity in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 1667-1671.</ref>		This includes previous exemplars such as [[swan]]s. Sometimes these extra-pair sexual activities lead to offspring. Genetic tests frequently show that some of the offspring raised by a monogamous pair come from the female mating with an extra-pair male partner.<ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1995"/><ref name="Birkhead,Møller,1996"/><ref name="Owens,Hartley,1998">Owens, I.P.F. & Hartley, I.R. (1998). Sexual dimorphism in birds: why are there so many different forms of dimorphism? Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B265, 397–407.</ref><ref name="Solomon,Keane,Knoch,Hogan,2004">Solomon, N.G., Keane, B., Knoch, L.R., & Hogan, P.J. (2004). Multiple paternity in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 1667-1671.</ref>

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2021-06-07T16:30:43Z

Show changes

Quantumhusky at 04:23, 7 June 2021

2021-06-07T04:23:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:23, 7 June 2021
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			{{sex}}
	{{for\|human sexual practices\|Human sexual behaviour}}		{{for\|human sexual practices\|Human sexual behaviour}}
	{{for\|sexual reproduction\|Sexual reproduction}}		{{for\|sexual reproduction\|Sexual reproduction}}

Ookami: 1,000 revisions imported

2020-09-02T00:21:35Z

1,000 revisions imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:21, 2 September 2020
(No difference)

meta>Cubbi: Undid revision 255285941 by 82.128.184.32 (talk) the Times article does not appear to be a joke

2008-12-01T22:49:48Z

Undid revision 255285941 by 82.128.184.32 (talk) the Times article does not appear to be a joke

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 1 December 2008
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	Additionally, male [[cane toad]]s have been documented (in [[Cane Toads: An Unnatural History]]) engaging in copulation with dead toads and inanimate objects.		Additionally, male [[cane toad]]s have been documented (in [[Cane Toads: An Unnatural History]]) engaging in copulation with dead toads and inanimate objects.

			===Nasal sex===
			[[Boto\|Amazon River Dolphin]]s perform homosexual penetration of the [[Blowhole (biology)\|blowhole]], the only known example of nasal sex.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article1288633.ece Birds do it, bees do it . . . - Times Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.jimbo.info/weblog/2007/07/my-pet-gay-amazonian-dolphins.html#more My pet gay Amazonian dolphins practice 'skullfucking' - jimbo.info<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

	==Notes on specific species ==		==Notes on specific species ==

82.128.184.32: /* Nasal sex */ The reference is a joke.

2008-12-01T21:48:14Z

Nasal sex: The reference is a joke.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 1 December 2008
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	Additionally, male [[cane toad]]s have been documented (in [[Cane Toads: An Unnatural History]]) engaging in copulation with dead toads and inanimate objects.		Additionally, male [[cane toad]]s have been documented (in [[Cane Toads: An Unnatural History]]) engaging in copulation with dead toads and inanimate objects.

	~~===Nasal sex===~~
	[[Boto\|Amazon River Dolphin]]s perform homosexual penetration of the [[Blowhole (biology)\|blowhole]], the only known example of nasal sex.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article1288633.ece Birds do it, bees do it . . . - Times Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.jimbo.info/weblog/2007/07/my-pet-gay-amazonian-dolphins.html#more My pet gay Amazonian dolphins practice 'skullfucking' - jimbo.info<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

	==Notes on specific species ==		==Notes on specific species ==

meta>Cubbi: rvv IP edit. Ask questions about the article in Talk, not in the article.

2008-11-28T17:35:29Z

rvv IP edit. Ask questions about the article in Talk, not in the article.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:35, 28 November 2008
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	===Bonobos===		===Bonobos===
	The [[Bonobo]], which has a peaceful, egalitarian and [[matriarchal]] society, is a fully bisexual species — both males and females engage in sexual behaviour with the same and the opposite sex, with females being particularly noted for engaging in sexual behaviour with each other and at up to 75% of sexual activity being bisexual. Bonobos often use sexual activity to prevent violence and conflict.<ref>National Geographic: Homosexual Activity Among Animals Stirs Debate [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayanimal_2.html]; Retrieved Nov 6 2007</ref>		The [[Bonobo]], which has a peaceful, egalitarian and [[matriarchal]] society, is a fully bisexual species — both males and females engage in sexual behaviour with the same and the opposite sex, with females being particularly noted for engaging in sexual behaviour with each other and at up to 75% of sexual activity being bisexual. Bonobos often use sexual activity to prevent violence and conflict.<ref>National Geographic: Homosexual Activity Among Animals Stirs Debate [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayanimal_2.html]; Retrieved Nov 6 2007</ref>

	~~Is that all the evidence we have on this issue? So we believe it according to this pragraph?(ctl)~~

	===Birds===		===Birds===

76.4.218.219: /* Bonobos */

2008-11-28T17:28:46Z

Bonobos

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 28 November 2008
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	The [[Bonobo]], which has a peaceful, egalitarian and [[matriarchal]] society, is a fully bisexual species — both males and females engage in sexual behaviour with the same and the opposite sex, with females being particularly noted for engaging in sexual behaviour with each other and at up to 75% of sexual activity being bisexual. Bonobos often use sexual activity to prevent violence and conflict.<ref>National Geographic: Homosexual Activity Among Animals Stirs Debate [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayanimal_2.html]; Retrieved Nov 6 2007</ref>		The [[Bonobo]], which has a peaceful, egalitarian and [[matriarchal]] society, is a fully bisexual species — both males and females engage in sexual behaviour with the same and the opposite sex, with females being particularly noted for engaging in sexual behaviour with each other and at up to 75% of sexual activity being bisexual. Bonobos often use sexual activity to prevent violence and conflict.<ref>National Geographic: Homosexual Activity Among Animals Stirs Debate [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayanimal_2.html]; Retrieved Nov 6 2007</ref>

	Is that all the evidence we have on this issue? So we believe it according to this pragraph?		Is that all the evidence we have on this issue? So we believe it according to this pragraph?(ctl)

	===Birds===		===Birds===

76.4.218.219: /* Bonobos */

2008-11-28T17:28:07Z

Bonobos

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 28 November 2008
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	===Bonobos===		===Bonobos===
	The [[Bonobo]], which has a peaceful, egalitarian and [[matriarchal]] society, is a fully bisexual species — both males and females engage in sexual behaviour with the same and the opposite sex, with females being particularly noted for engaging in sexual behaviour with each other and at up to 75% of sexual activity being bisexual. Bonobos often use sexual activity to prevent violence and conflict.<ref>National Geographic: Homosexual Activity Among Animals Stirs Debate [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayanimal_2.html]; Retrieved Nov 6 2007</ref>		The [[Bonobo]], which has a peaceful, egalitarian and [[matriarchal]] society, is a fully bisexual species — both males and females engage in sexual behaviour with the same and the opposite sex, with females being particularly noted for engaging in sexual behaviour with each other and at up to 75% of sexual activity being bisexual. Bonobos often use sexual activity to prevent violence and conflict.<ref>National Geographic: Homosexual Activity Among Animals Stirs Debate [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayanimal_2.html]; Retrieved Nov 6 2007</ref>

			Is that all the evidence we have on this issue? So we believe it according to this pragraph?

	===Birds===		===Birds===

meta>DanielRigal: Reverted 1 edit by 216.93.195.176 identified as vandalism to last revision by Fresheneesz. (TW)

2008-11-21T15:18:03Z

Reverted 1 edit by 216.93.195.176 identified as vandalism to last revision by Fresheneesz. (TW)

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 21 November 2008
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	===Necrophilia===		===Necrophilia===
	[[Necrophilia]] in animals is where a living animal engages in a sexual act with a dead animal. In one of the most well-known examples, [[Kees Moeliker]] of the [[Rotterdam]] Natural History Museum, [[Netherlands]] observed sexual activities<ref>C.W. Moeliker. [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/binary/retrieveFile?instanceid=16&itemid=2574&style=home The first case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard] (page 243-247)</ref> outside his office between a live [[duck]] and ~~Jordan Canales~~. Two male mallards which Moeliker believed were engaged in rape flight, a common motif in duck sexual behaviour, collided with his window. "When one died the other one just went for it and didn't get any negative feedback—well, didn't get any feedback," according to Moeliker, who described the event as "homosexual necrophilia." The case was reported scientifically in Deinsea 8-2001, along with photos.<ref>''DEINSEA'' [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/pages/showPage.do?instanceid=16&itemid=1466&style=default states on its website]: ''"DEINSEA publishes original papers and short communications dealing with zoology, paleontology and (urban) ecology. Contributions that are entirely or partly based on material from the collection of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam (coll. NMR) and/or that are the result of research by NMR staff, have priority."'' The Mallard paper and photographs are [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/pages/showPage.do?instanceid=16&itemid=1930&style=default available online] as a summary and also the paper [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/binary/retrieveFile?instanceid=16&itemid=2574&style=home is available] in PDF format.<br />See also: {{cite news\|url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,9865,1432991,00.html\|title=Necrophilia among ducks ruffles research feathers\|date=[[2005-03-08]]\|publisher=[[The Guardian]]\|first=Donald\|last=MacLeod\|accessdate=2006-04-05}}</ref>, and earned Moeliker an [[Ig Nobel Prize]] in biology, awarded for humorous research.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,9865,1432991,00.html\|title=Necrophilia among ducks ruffles research feathers\|date=[[2005-03-08]]\|publisher=[[The Guardian]]\|first=Donald\|last=MacLeod\|accessdate=2006-04-05}}</ref>		[[Necrophilia]] in animals is where a living animal engages in a sexual act with a dead animal. In one of the most well-known examples, [[Kees Moeliker]] of the [[Rotterdam]] Natural History Museum, [[Netherlands]] observed sexual activities<ref>C.W. Moeliker. [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/binary/retrieveFile?instanceid=16&itemid=2574&style=home The first case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard] (page 243-247)</ref> outside his office between a live [[duck]] and a dead one. Two male mallards which Moeliker believed were engaged in rape flight, a common motif in duck sexual behaviour, collided with his window. "When one died the other one just went for it and didn't get any negative feedback—well, didn't get any feedback," according to Moeliker, who described the event as "homosexual necrophilia." The case was reported scientifically in Deinsea 8-2001, along with photos.<ref>''DEINSEA'' [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/pages/showPage.do?instanceid=16&itemid=1466&style=default states on its website]: ''"DEINSEA publishes original papers and short communications dealing with zoology, paleontology and (urban) ecology. Contributions that are entirely or partly based on material from the collection of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam (coll. NMR) and/or that are the result of research by NMR staff, have priority."'' The Mallard paper and photographs are [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/pages/showPage.do?instanceid=16&itemid=1930&style=default available online] as a summary and also the paper [http://www.nmr.nl/nmr/binary/retrieveFile?instanceid=16&itemid=2574&style=home is available] in PDF format.<br />See also: {{cite news\|url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,9865,1432991,00.html\|title=Necrophilia among ducks ruffles research feathers\|date=[[2005-03-08]]\|publisher=[[The Guardian]]\|first=Donald\|last=MacLeod\|accessdate=2006-04-05}}</ref>, and earned Moeliker an [[Ig Nobel Prize]] in biology, awarded for humorous research.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,9865,1432991,00.html\|title=Necrophilia among ducks ruffles research feathers\|date=[[2005-03-08]]\|publisher=[[The Guardian]]\|first=Donald\|last=MacLeod\|accessdate=2006-04-05}}</ref>

	Additionally, male [[cane toad]]s have been documented (in [[Cane Toads: An Unnatural History]]) engaging in copulation with dead toads and inanimate objects.		Additionally, male [[cane toad]]s have been documented (in [[Cane Toads: An Unnatural History]]) engaging in copulation with dead toads and inanimate objects.