Cysticercosis - Revision history

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	[[Category:Neglected tropical diseases]]		[[Category:Neglected tropical diseases]]
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	# Cooking of pork or freezing it and inspecting meat are effective means to cease the life cycle		# Cooking of pork or freezing it and inspecting meat are effective means to cease the life cycle
	# The management of pigs by treating them or vaccinating them is another possibility to intervene		# The management of pigs by treating them or vaccinating them is another possibility to intervene
	# The separation of pigs from human faeces by confining them in enclosed piggeries. In Western European countries post World War 2 the pig industry developed rapidly and most pigs were housed.<ref name="Welfare">{{cite book\|author=Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde\|title=The Welfare of Pigs\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNz4-EN4RSkC&pg=PA333\|date=2008-11-26\|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media\|isbn=978-1-4020-8909-1\|pages=333–\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407061756/https://books.google.com/books?id=zNz4-EN4RSkC&pg=PA333\|archive-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> This was the main reason for pig cysticercosis largely being eliminated from the region. This of course is not a quick answer to the problem in developing countries.		# The separation of pigs from human faeces by confining them in enclosed piggeries. In Western European countries post World War 2 the pig industry developed rapidly and most pigs were housed.<ref name="Welfare">{{cite book\|author=Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde\|title=The Welfare of Pigs\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNz4-EN4RSkC&pg=PA333\|date=2008-11-26\|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media\|isbn=978-1-4020-8909-1\|pages=333–\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407061756/https://books.google.com/books?id=zNz4-EN4RSkC&pg=PA333\|archive-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> This was the [[Portal:Main\|main]] reason for pig cysticercosis largely being eliminated from the region. This of course is not a quick answer to the problem in developing countries.

	===Pigs===		===Pigs===

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	<!-- Epidemiology -->		<!-- Epidemiology -->
	The pork tapeworm is particularly common in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.<ref name=Garcia03>{{cite journal \|vauthors=García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CA, Gilman RH \|title=''Taenia solium'' cysticercosis \|journal=Lancet \|volume=362 \|issue=9383 \|pages=547–56 \|date=August 2003 \|pmid=12932389 \|pmc=3103219 \|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14117-7 }}</ref> In some areas it is believed that up to 25% of people are affected.<ref name=Garcia03/> In the developed world it is very uncommon.<ref name=Bob2014/> Worldwide in 2015 it caused about 400 deaths.<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal\|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death\|first1=Collaborators.\|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.\|journal=Lancet\|date=8 October 2016\|volume=388\|issue=10053\|pages=1459–1544\|pmid=27733281\|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1\|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most are slaughtered before symptoms arise.<ref name=WHO2013/> The disease has occurred in humans throughout history.<ref name=Bob2014>{{cite journal \|vauthors=Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Fleury A, et al. \|title=Evolution, molecular epidemiology and perspectives on the research of taeniid parasites with special emphasis on ''Taenia solium'' \|journal=Infect. Genet. Evol. \|volume=23 \|pages=150–60 \|date=April 2014 \|pmid=24560729 \|doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.005 }}</ref> It is one of the [[neglected tropical diseases]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html\|website=cdc.gov\|access-date=28 November 2014\|date=June 6, 2011\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html\|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref>		The pork tapeworm is particularly common in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.<ref name=Garcia03>{{cite journal \|vauthors=García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CA, Gilman RH \|title=''Taenia solium'' cysticercosis \|journal=Lancet \|volume=362 \|issue=9383 \|pages=547–56 \|date=August 2003 \|pmid=12932389 \|pmc=3103219 \|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14117-7 }}</ref> In some areas it is believed that up to 25% of people are affected.<ref name=Garcia03/> In the developed world it is very uncommon.<ref name=Bob2014/> Worldwide in 2015 it caused about 400 deaths.<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal\|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death\|first1=Collaborators.\|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.\|journal=Lancet\|date=8 October 2016\|volume=388\|issue=10053\|pages=1459–1544\|pmid=27733281\|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1\|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most are slaughtered before symptoms arise.<ref name=WHO2013/> The disease has occurred in humans throughout [[history]].<ref name=Bob2014>{{cite journal \|vauthors=Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Fleury A, et al. \|title=Evolution, molecular epidemiology and perspectives on the research of taeniid parasites with special emphasis on ''Taenia solium'' \|journal=Infect. Genet. Evol. \|volume=23 \|pages=150–60 \|date=April 2014 \|pmid=24560729 \|doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.005 }}</ref> It is one of the [[neglected tropical diseases]].<ref>{{cite web\|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html\|website=cdc.gov\|access-date=28 November 2014\|date=June 6, 2011\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html\|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref>
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	==Cause==		==Cause==
	[[File:Life cycle.gif\|thumb\|right\|Life cycle of ''Taenia solium'']]		[[File:Life cycle.gif\|thumb\|right\|Life cycle of ''Taenia solium'']]
	The cause of human cysticercosis is the egg form of ''[[Taenia solium]]'' (often abbreviated as ''T. solium'' and also called pork tapeworm), which is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. Eggs are accidentally ingested from contaminated water or vegetables. The eggs enter the intestine where they develop into [[larva]]e. The larvae enter the bloodstream and invade host tissues, where they further develop into larvae called cysticerci. The cysticercus larva completes development in about 2 months. It is semitransparent, opalescent white, and elongate oval in shape and may reach a length of 0.6 to 1.8 cm.<ref name="test" />		The cause of human cysticercosis is the egg form of ''[[Taenia solium]]'' (often abbreviated as ''T. solium'' and also called pork tapeworm), which is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. Eggs are accidentally ingested from contaminated water or vegetables. The eggs enter the intestine where they develop into [[larva]]e. The larvae enter the bloodstream and invade host tissues, where they [[further]] develop into larvae called cysticerci. The cysticercus larva completes development in about 2 months. It is semitransparent, opalescent white, and elongate oval in shape and may reach a length of 0.6 to 1.8 cm.<ref name="test" />

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==

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