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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 14 June 2021
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	[https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989]</ref> The initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an [[umbrella term]] for [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures\|sexuality and gender identity]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Parent\|first1=Mike C.\|last2=DeBlaere\|first2=Cirleen\|last3=Moradi\|first3=Bonnie\|date=June 2013\|title=Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities\|journal=Sex Roles\|volume=68\|issue=11–12\|pages=639–645\|doi=10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2\|s2cid=144285021}}</ref>		[https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989]</ref> The initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an [[umbrella term]] for [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures\|sexuality and gender identity]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Parent\|first1=Mike C.\|last2=DeBlaere\|first2=Cirleen\|last3=Moradi\|first3=Bonnie\|date=June 2013\|title=Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities\|journal=Sex Roles\|volume=68\|issue=11–12\|pages=639–645\|doi=10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2\|s2cid=144285021}}</ref>

	It may refer to anyone who is [[non-heterosexual]] or non-[[cisgender]], instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb"/> To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, '''''{{dfn\|LGBTQ}}''''', adds the letter ''Q'' for those who identify as [[queer]] or are [[Questioning (sexuality and gender)\|questioning]] their sexual or gender identity.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/\|access-date=February 19, 2018\|work=[[The Washington Post]]\|title=Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?}}</ref> Those who add [[intersex]] people to LGBT groups or organizing may use the extended initialism '''''{{dfn\|LGBTI}}'''''.<ref>William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ Sexual medicine in primary care], Mosby Year Book, 1999, {{ISBN\|978-0-8151-2797-0}}</ref><ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor"/> These two initialisms are sometimes combined to form the terms '''''{{dfn\|LGBTIQ}}'''''{{thin space}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html\|title=Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia\|last=Siddharta\|first=Amanda\|date=April 28, 2019 \|website=VOA \|language=en\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> or '''''{{dfn\|LGBT+}}''''' to encompass [[human sexuality spectrum\|spectrums of sexuality]] and [[Gender identity\|gender]].<ref name="udayton.edu">{{cite web\|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/\|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution\|last=Vikhrov\|first=Natalie\|date=April 26, 2019\|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> Other, less common variants also exist, such as '''''LGBTQIA+''''',<ref>{{Cite web\|title=LGBTQIA+ Terminology - Gender and Sexuality Student Services - UIS\|url=https://www.uis.edu/gendersexualitystudentservices/about/lgbtqaterminology/\|access-date=2021-01-18\|website=www.uis.edu\|language=en}}</ref> with the ''A'' standing for "[[Asexuality\|asexual]]" or "[[Aromanticism\|aromantic]]". Longer acronyms, with some being over twice as long as ''LGBT'', have prompted criticism for their length,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/ \|title=The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness \|publisher=Quartz \|date=2018-06-12 \|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Coming to terms with terms\|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=www.oakpark.com\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Oli\|date=2019-12-04\|title=The challenge of generosity\|url=https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=Oliver Arditi\|language=en}}</ref> and the implication that the acronym refers to a single community is also controversial.<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G">{{cite book \|last1=Finnegan \|first1=Dana G. \|first2 = Emily B. \|last2=McNally \|title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2002\|isbn= 978-1-56023-925-3 \|url =https://archive.org/details/counselinglesbia2002finn \|url-access=registration }}</ref>		It may refer to anyone who is [[non-heterosexual]] or non-[[cisgender]], instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb"/> To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, '''''{{dfn\|LGBTQ}}''''', adds the letter ''Q'' for those who identify as [[queer]] or are [[Questioning (sexuality and gender)\|questioning]] their sexual or gender identity.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/\|access-date=February 19, 2018\|work=[[The Washington Post]]\|title=Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?}}</ref> Those who add [[intersex]] people to [[Portal:LGBT\|LGBT]] groups or organizing may use the extended initialism '''''{{dfn\|LGBTI}}'''''.<ref>William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ Sexual medicine in primary care], Mosby Year Book, 1999, {{ISBN\|978-0-8151-2797-0}}</ref><ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor"/> These two initialisms are sometimes combined to form the terms '''''{{dfn\|LGBTIQ}}'''''{{thin space}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html\|title=Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia\|last=Siddharta\|first=Amanda\|date=April 28, 2019 \|website=VOA \|language=en\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> or '''''{{dfn\|LGBT+}}''''' to encompass [[human sexuality spectrum\|spectrums of sexuality]] and [[Gender identity\|gender]].<ref name="udayton.edu">{{cite web\|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/\|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution\|last=Vikhrov\|first=Natalie\|date=April 26, 2019\|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> Other, less common variants also exist, such as '''''LGBTQIA+''''',<ref>{{Cite web\|title=LGBTQIA+ Terminology - Gender and Sexuality Student Services - UIS\|url=https://www.uis.edu/gendersexualitystudentservices/about/lgbtqaterminology/\|access-date=2021-01-18\|website=www.uis.edu\|language=en}}</ref> with the ''A'' standing for "[[Asexuality\|asexual]]" or "[[Aromanticism\|aromantic]]". Longer acronyms, with some being over twice as long as ''LGBT'', have prompted criticism for their length,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/ \|title=The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness \|publisher=Quartz \|date=2018-06-12 \|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Coming to terms with terms\|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=www.oakpark.com\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Oli\|date=2019-12-04\|title=The challenge of generosity\|url=https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=Oliver Arditi\|language=en}}</ref> and the implication that the acronym refers to a single community is also controversial.<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G">{{cite book \|last1=Finnegan \|first1=Dana G. \|first2 = Emily B. \|last2=McNally \|title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2002\|isbn= 978-1-56023-925-3 \|url =https://archive.org/details/counselinglesbia2002finn \|url-access=registration }}</ref>

	== History of the term ==		== History of the term ==
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	The first widely used term, ''[[homosexual]]'', now carries negative connotations in the United States.<ref name=glaad>[https://www.glaad.org/reference/style Media Reference Guide] (citing AP, [[The Washington Post\|Washington Post]] style guides), [[GLAAD]]. Retrieved 23 Dec 2019.</ref> It was replaced by ''[[homophile]]'' in the 1950s and 1960s,<ref>{{cite book \|last=Minton \|first=Henry \|title=Departing from Deviance \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-0-226-53043-7 \|url= https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint \|url-access=registration \|page=[https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint/page/238 238] \|access-date=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Stein\|first=Marc\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6X5daAWEfxwC\|title=Rethinking the Gay and Lesbian Movement\|date=2012-06-14\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-136-33157-2\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.sunypress.edu/p-5329-masked-voices.aspx\|title=Masked Voices\|website=www.sunypress.edu\|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref>{{Dubious \|Challenging the history of the term \|reason=The term "homophile" was little used and never replaced "homosexual". \|date=July 2017}} and subsequently ''[[gay]]'' in the 1970s; the latter term was adopted first by the homosexual community.<ref name="The Social Studies C">{{cite book \|last=Ross \|first=E. Wayne \|title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities \|publisher=SUNY Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-0-7914-6909-5 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC }}</ref>		The first widely used term, ''[[homosexual]]'', now carries negative connotations in the United States.<ref name=glaad>[https://www.glaad.org/reference/style Media Reference Guide] (citing AP, [[The Washington Post\|Washington Post]] style guides), [[GLAAD]]. Retrieved 23 Dec 2019.</ref> It was replaced by ''[[homophile]]'' in the 1950s and 1960s,<ref>{{cite book \|last=Minton \|first=Henry \|title=Departing from Deviance \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-0-226-53043-7 \|url= https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint \|url-access=registration \|page=[https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint/page/238 238] \|access-date=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Stein\|first=Marc\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6X5daAWEfxwC\|title=Rethinking the Gay and Lesbian Movement\|date=2012-06-14\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-136-33157-2\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.sunypress.edu/p-5329-masked-voices.aspx\|title=Masked Voices\|website=www.sunypress.edu\|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref>{{Dubious \|Challenging the history of the term \|reason=The term "homophile" was little used and never replaced "homosexual". \|date=July 2017}} and subsequently ''[[gay]]'' in the 1970s; the latter term was adopted first by the homosexual community.<ref name="The Social Studies C">{{cite book \|last=Ross \|first=E. Wayne \|title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities \|publisher=SUNY Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-0-7914-6909-5 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC }}</ref>

	As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase "gay and lesbian" became more common.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee"/> A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be [[feminism]] or [[gay rights]] led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including the [[Daughters of Bilitis]], which disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.<ref>{{cite journal \| last1 = Esterberg \| first1 = Kristen \| year = 1994 \| title = From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement \| journal = Gender and Society \| volume = 8 \| issue = 3\| pages = 424–443 \|doi=10.1177/089124394008003008 \| s2cid = 144795512 }}</ref> As equality was a priority for [[lesbian feminism\|lesbian feminists]], disparity of roles between men and women or [[butch and femme]] were viewed as [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]]. Lesbian feminists eschewed [[gender role]] play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived [[chauvinism]] of [[gay men]]; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men, or take up their causes.<ref>Faderman, Lillian (1991). ''Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America'', Penguin Books. {{ISBN\|0-14-017122-3}}, p. 210–211.</ref>		As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase "gay and lesbian" became more common.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee"/> A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be [[feminism]] or [[gay rights]] led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including the [[Daughters of Bilitis]], which disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.<ref>{{cite journal \| last1 = Esterberg \| first1 = Kristen \| year = 1994 \| title = From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement \| journal = Gender and Society \| volume = 8 \| issue = 3\| pages = 424–443 \|doi=10.1177/089124394008003008 \| s2cid = 144795512 }}</ref> As equality was a priority for [[lesbian feminism\|lesbian feminists]], disparity of roles between men and women or [[butch and femme]] were viewed as [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]]. Lesbian feminists eschewed [[gender role]] play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived [[chauvinism]] of [[gay men]]; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men, or take up their causes.<ref>Faderman, Lillian (1991). ''Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A [[History]] of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America'', Penguin Books. {{ISBN\|0-14-017122-3}}, p. 210–211.</ref>

	Lesbians who held the [[essentialism\|essentialist]] view, that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor "lesbian" to define sexual attraction, often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.<ref>Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.</ref> Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee">{{cite news \| last=Swain \| first=Keith W. \| title=Gay Pride Needs New Direction \| newspaper=[[Denver Post]] \| date=21 June 2007 \|url = http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss \|access-date= 2008-07-05 }}</ref>		Lesbians who held the [[essentialism\|essentialist]] view, that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor "lesbian" to define sexual attraction, often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.<ref>Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.</ref> Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee">{{cite news \| last=Swain \| first=Keith W. \| title=Gay Pride Needs New Direction \| newspaper=[[Denver Post]] \| date=21 June 2007 \|url = http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss \|access-date= 2008-07-05 }}</ref>

	After the elation of change following group action in the 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] in New York City, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, some gays and lesbians became less accepting of [[bisexual]] or [[transgender]] people.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities">{{cite book \|last1=Leli \|first1=Ubaldo \|first2=Jack \| last2=Drescher \|title=Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2005\|isbn= 978-0-7890-2576-0\|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend">{{cite book \|last1=Alexander \|first1= Jonathan \|first2=Karen \|last2=Yescavage \|title= Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2004\|isbn= 978-1-56023-287-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC}}</ref> Critics{{like whom\|date=September 2018}} said that transgender people were acting out [[stereotypes]] and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to [[coming out\|come out]] and be honest about their identity.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities"/> Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other [[gender]] and sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.<ref name="Exhibition Guide">{{cite web\|url=http://www.politicalgraphics.org/out-of-the-closet \|website=[[Center for the Study of Political Graphics]]\|access-date=1 October 2016\|title=Out of the Closet and Into the Streets}}</ref>		After the elation of change following group action in the 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] in New York City, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, some gays and lesbians became less accepting of [[bisexual]] or [[transgender]] people.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities">{{cite book \|last1=Leli \|first1=Ubaldo \|first2=Jack \| last2=Drescher \|title=Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2005\|isbn= 978-0-7890-2576-0\|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend">{{cite book \|last1=Alexander \|first1= Jonathan \|first2=Karen \|last2=Yescavage \|title= Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2004\|isbn= 978-1-56023-287-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC}}</ref> Critics{{like whom\|date=September 2018}} said that transgender people were acting out [[stereotypes]] and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to [[coming out\|come out]] and be honest about their identity.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities"/> Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other [[gender]] and [[sexuality]]-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.<ref name="Exhibition Guide">{{cite web\|url=http://www.politicalgraphics.org/out-of-the-closet \|website=[[Center for the Study of Political Graphics]]\|access-date=1 October 2016\|title=Out of the Closet and Into the Streets}}</ref>

	From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism ''LGBT'' in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PiglAQAAIAAJ Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting], American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.</ref> Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the [[GLBT Historical Society]] did in 1999. Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community), the term ''LGBT'' has been a positive symbol of inclusion.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb">{{cite book \|last=Shankle \|first=Michael D. \|title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-1-56023-496-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/>		From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism ''LGBT'' in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PiglAQAAIAAJ Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting], American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.</ref> Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the [[GLBT Historical Society]] did in 1999. Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community), the term ''LGBT'' has been a positive symbol of inclusion.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb">{{cite book \|last=Shankle \|first=Michael D. \|title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-1-56023-496-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 14 June 2021
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	[https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989]</ref> The initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an [[umbrella term]] for [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures\|sexuality and gender identity]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Parent\|first1=Mike C.\|last2=DeBlaere\|first2=Cirleen\|last3=Moradi\|first3=Bonnie\|date=June 2013\|title=Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities\|journal=Sex Roles\|volume=68\|issue=11–12\|pages=639–645\|doi=10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2\|s2cid=144285021}}</ref>		[https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989]</ref> The initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an [[umbrella term]] for [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures\|sexuality and gender identity]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Parent\|first1=Mike C.\|last2=DeBlaere\|first2=Cirleen\|last3=Moradi\|first3=Bonnie\|date=June 2013\|title=Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities\|journal=Sex Roles\|volume=68\|issue=11–12\|pages=639–645\|doi=10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2\|s2cid=144285021}}</ref>

	It may refer to anyone who is [[non-heterosexual]] or non-[[cisgender]], instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb"/> To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, '''''{{dfn\|LGBTQ}}''''', adds the letter ''Q'' for those who identify as [[queer]] or are [[Questioning (sexuality and gender)\|questioning]] their sexual or gender identity.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/\|access-date=February 19, 2018\|work=[[The Washington Post]]\|title=Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?}}</ref> Those who add [[intersex]] people to LGBT groups or organizing may use the extended initialism '''''{{dfn\|LGBTI}}'''''.<ref>William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ Sexual medicine in primary care], Mosby Year Book, 1999, {{ISBN\|978-0-8151-2797-0}}</ref><ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor"/> These two initialisms are sometimes combined to form the terms '''''{{dfn\|LGBTIQ}}'''''{{thin space}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html\|title=Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia\|last=Siddharta\|first=Amanda\|date=April 28, 2019 \|website=VOA \|language=en\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> or '''''{{dfn\|LGBT+}}''''' to encompass [[human sexuality spectrum\|spectrums of sexuality]] and [[Gender identity\|gender]].<ref name="udayton.edu">{{cite web\|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/\|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution\|last=Vikhrov\|first=Natalie\|date=April 26, 2019\|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> Other, less common variants also exist, such as '''''LGBTQIA+''''',<ref>{{Cite web\|title=LGBTQIA+ Terminology - Gender and Sexuality Student Services - UIS\|url=https://www.uis.edu/gendersexualitystudentservices/about/lgbtqaterminology/\|access-date=2021-01-18\|website=www.uis.edu\|language=en}}</ref> with the ''A'' standing for "[[Asexuality\|asexual]]" or "[[Aromanticism\|aromantic]]". Longer acronyms, with some being over twice as long as ''LGBT'', have prompted criticism for their length,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/ \|title=The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness \|publisher=Quartz \|date=2018-06-12 \|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Coming to terms with terms\|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=www.oakpark.com\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Oli\|date=2019-12-04\|title=The challenge of generosity\|url=https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=Oliver Arditi\|language=en}}</ref> and the implication that the acronym refers to a single community is also controversial.<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G">{{cite book \|last1=Finnegan \|first1=Dana G. \|first2 = Emily B. \|last2=McNally \|title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2002\|isbn= 978-1-56023-925-3 \|url =https://archive.org/details/counselinglesbia2002finn \|url-access=registration }}</ref>		It may refer to anyone who is [[non-heterosexual]] or non-[[cisgender]], instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb"/> To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant, '''''{{dfn\|LGBTQ}}''''', adds the letter ''Q'' for those who identify as [[queer]] or are [[Questioning (sexuality and gender)\|questioning]] their sexual or gender identity.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/\|access-date=February 19, 2018\|work=[[The Washington Post]]\|title=Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?}}</ref> Those who add [[intersex]] people to [[Portal:LGBT\|LGBT]] groups or organizing may use the extended initialism '''''{{dfn\|LGBTI}}'''''.<ref>William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ Sexual medicine in primary care], Mosby Year Book, 1999, {{ISBN\|978-0-8151-2797-0}}</ref><ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor"/> These two initialisms are sometimes combined to form the terms '''''{{dfn\|LGBTIQ}}'''''{{thin space}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html\|title=Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia\|last=Siddharta\|first=Amanda\|date=April 28, 2019 \|website=VOA \|language=en\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> or '''''{{dfn\|LGBT+}}''''' to encompass [[human sexuality spectrum\|spectrums of sexuality]] and [[Gender identity\|gender]].<ref name="udayton.edu">{{cite web\|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/\|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution\|last=Vikhrov\|first=Natalie\|date=April 26, 2019\|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation\|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> Other, less common variants also exist, such as '''''LGBTQIA+''''',<ref>{{Cite web\|title=LGBTQIA+ Terminology - Gender and Sexuality Student Services - UIS\|url=https://www.uis.edu/gendersexualitystudentservices/about/lgbtqaterminology/\|access-date=2021-01-18\|website=www.uis.edu\|language=en}}</ref> with the ''A'' standing for "[[Asexuality\|asexual]]" or "[[Aromanticism\|aromantic]]". Longer acronyms, with some being over twice as long as ''LGBT'', have prompted criticism for their length,<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/ \|title=The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness \|publisher=Quartz \|date=2018-06-12 \|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Coming to terms with terms\|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=www.oakpark.com\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Oli\|date=2019-12-04\|title=The challenge of generosity\|url=https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/\|access-date=2020-06-25\|website=Oliver Arditi\|language=en}}</ref> and the implication that the acronym refers to a single community is also controversial.<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G">{{cite book \|last1=Finnegan \|first1=Dana G. \|first2 = Emily B. \|last2=McNally \|title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2002\|isbn= 978-1-56023-925-3 \|url =https://archive.org/details/counselinglesbia2002finn \|url-access=registration }}</ref>

	== History of the term ==		== History of the term ==
Line 17:		Line 17:
	The first widely used term, ''[[homosexual]]'', now carries negative connotations in the United States.<ref name=glaad>[https://www.glaad.org/reference/style Media Reference Guide] (citing AP, [[The Washington Post\|Washington Post]] style guides), [[GLAAD]]. Retrieved 23 Dec 2019.</ref> It was replaced by ''[[homophile]]'' in the 1950s and 1960s,<ref>{{cite book \|last=Minton \|first=Henry \|title=Departing from Deviance \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-0-226-53043-7 \|url= https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint \|url-access=registration \|page=[https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint/page/238 238] \|access-date=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Stein\|first=Marc\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6X5daAWEfxwC\|title=Rethinking the Gay and Lesbian Movement\|date=2012-06-14\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-136-33157-2\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.sunypress.edu/p-5329-masked-voices.aspx\|title=Masked Voices\|website=www.sunypress.edu\|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref>{{Dubious \|Challenging the history of the term \|reason=The term "homophile" was little used and never replaced "homosexual". \|date=July 2017}} and subsequently ''[[gay]]'' in the 1970s; the latter term was adopted first by the homosexual community.<ref name="The Social Studies C">{{cite book \|last=Ross \|first=E. Wayne \|title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities \|publisher=SUNY Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-0-7914-6909-5 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC }}</ref>		The first widely used term, ''[[homosexual]]'', now carries negative connotations in the United States.<ref name=glaad>[https://www.glaad.org/reference/style Media Reference Guide] (citing AP, [[The Washington Post\|Washington Post]] style guides), [[GLAAD]]. Retrieved 23 Dec 2019.</ref> It was replaced by ''[[homophile]]'' in the 1950s and 1960s,<ref>{{cite book \|last=Minton \|first=Henry \|title=Departing from Deviance \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-0-226-53043-7 \|url= https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint \|url-access=registration \|page=[https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint/page/238 238] \|access-date=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Stein\|first=Marc\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6X5daAWEfxwC\|title=Rethinking the Gay and Lesbian Movement\|date=2012-06-14\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-136-33157-2\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.sunypress.edu/p-5329-masked-voices.aspx\|title=Masked Voices\|website=www.sunypress.edu\|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref>{{Dubious \|Challenging the history of the term \|reason=The term "homophile" was little used and never replaced "homosexual". \|date=July 2017}} and subsequently ''[[gay]]'' in the 1970s; the latter term was adopted first by the homosexual community.<ref name="The Social Studies C">{{cite book \|last=Ross \|first=E. Wayne \|title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities \|publisher=SUNY Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-0-7914-6909-5 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC }}</ref>

	As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase "gay and lesbian" became more common.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee"/> A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be [[feminism]] or [[gay rights]] led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including the [[Daughters of Bilitis]], which disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.<ref>{{cite journal \| last1 = Esterberg \| first1 = Kristen \| year = 1994 \| title = From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement \| journal = Gender and Society \| volume = 8 \| issue = 3\| pages = 424–443 \|doi=10.1177/089124394008003008 \| s2cid = 144795512 }}</ref> As equality was a priority for [[lesbian feminism\|lesbian feminists]], disparity of roles between men and women or [[butch and femme]] were viewed as [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]]. Lesbian feminists eschewed [[gender role]] play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived [[chauvinism]] of [[gay men]]; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men, or take up their causes.<ref>Faderman, Lillian (1991). ''Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America'', Penguin Books. {{ISBN\|0-14-017122-3}}, p. 210–211.</ref>		As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase "gay and lesbian" became more common.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee"/> A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be [[feminism]] or [[gay rights]] led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including the [[Daughters of Bilitis]], which disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.<ref>{{cite journal \| last1 = Esterberg \| first1 = Kristen \| year = 1994 \| title = From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement \| journal = Gender and Society \| volume = 8 \| issue = 3\| pages = 424–443 \|doi=10.1177/089124394008003008 \| s2cid = 144795512 }}</ref> As equality was a priority for [[lesbian feminism\|lesbian feminists]], disparity of roles between men and women or [[butch and femme]] were viewed as [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]]. Lesbian feminists eschewed [[gender role]] play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived [[chauvinism]] of [[gay men]]; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men, or take up their causes.<ref>Faderman, Lillian (1991). ''Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A [[History]] of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America'', Penguin Books. {{ISBN\|0-14-017122-3}}, p. 210–211.</ref>

	Lesbians who held the [[essentialism\|essentialist]] view, that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor "lesbian" to define sexual attraction, often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.<ref>Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.</ref> Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee">{{cite news \| last=Swain \| first=Keith W. \| title=Gay Pride Needs New Direction \| newspaper=[[Denver Post]] \| date=21 June 2007 \|url = http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss \|access-date= 2008-07-05 }}</ref>		Lesbians who held the [[essentialism\|essentialist]] view, that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor "lesbian" to define sexual attraction, often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.<ref>Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.</ref> Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.<ref name="Gay Pride Nee">{{cite news \| last=Swain \| first=Keith W. \| title=Gay Pride Needs New Direction \| newspaper=[[Denver Post]] \| date=21 June 2007 \|url = http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss \|access-date= 2008-07-05 }}</ref>

	After the elation of change following group action in the 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] in New York City, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, some gays and lesbians became less accepting of [[bisexual]] or [[transgender]] people.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities">{{cite book \|last1=Leli \|first1=Ubaldo \|first2=Jack \| last2=Drescher \|title=Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2005\|isbn= 978-0-7890-2576-0\|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend">{{cite book \|last1=Alexander \|first1= Jonathan \|first2=Karen \|last2=Yescavage \|title= Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2004\|isbn= 978-1-56023-287-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC}}</ref> Critics{{like whom\|date=September 2018}} said that transgender people were acting out [[stereotypes]] and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to [[coming out\|come out]] and be honest about their identity.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities"/> Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other [[gender]] and sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.<ref name="Exhibition Guide">{{cite web\|url=http://www.politicalgraphics.org/out-of-the-closet \|website=[[Center for the Study of Political Graphics]]\|access-date=1 October 2016\|title=Out of the Closet and Into the Streets}}</ref>		After the elation of change following group action in the 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] in New York City, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, some gays and lesbians became less accepting of [[bisexual]] or [[transgender]] people.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities">{{cite book \|last1=Leli \|first1=Ubaldo \|first2=Jack \| last2=Drescher \|title=Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2005\|isbn= 978-0-7890-2576-0\|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend">{{cite book \|last1=Alexander \|first1= Jonathan \|first2=Karen \|last2=Yescavage \|title= Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2004\|isbn= 978-1-56023-287-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC}}</ref> Critics{{like whom\|date=September 2018}} said that transgender people were acting out [[stereotypes]] and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to [[coming out\|come out]] and be honest about their identity.<ref name="Transgender Subjectivities"/> Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other [[gender]] and [[sexuality]]-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.<ref name="Exhibition Guide">{{cite web\|url=http://www.politicalgraphics.org/out-of-the-closet \|website=[[Center for the Study of Political Graphics]]\|access-date=1 October 2016\|title=Out of the Closet and Into the Streets}}</ref>

	From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism ''LGBT'' in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PiglAQAAIAAJ Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting], American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.</ref> Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the [[GLBT Historical Society]] did in 1999. Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community), the term ''LGBT'' has been a positive symbol of inclusion.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb">{{cite book \|last=Shankle \|first=Michael D. \|title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-1-56023-496-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/>		From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism ''LGBT'' in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PiglAQAAIAAJ Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting], American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.</ref> Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.<ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/> This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the [[GLBT Historical Society]] did in 1999. Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community), the term ''LGBT'' has been a positive symbol of inclusion.<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb">{{cite book \|last=Shankle \|first=Michael D. \|title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service \|publisher=Haworth Press \|year=2006\|isbn= 978-1-56023-496-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC}}</ref><ref name="Bisexuality and Transgend"/>

LGBT - Revision history

Bloit: Reverting vandalism

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SockyPaws: Protected "LGBT": Preemptive check on vandalism of a likely target ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite))

ZooWiki: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).