Sodomy - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:34, 7 June 2021
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	The [[13th century\|thirteenth-century]] Jewish scholar [[Nachmanides]] wrote, “According to our sages, they were notorious for every evil, but their fate was sealed for their persistence in not supporting the poor and the needy.” His contemporary Rabbenu Yonah expresses the same view: “Scripture attributes their annihilation to their failure to practice [[tzedakah]] [charity or justice].” [http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/publicat/hazon/tzedaka/Tzedakah_Activists_Vs_Sodomites.html]		The [[13th century\|thirteenth-century]] Jewish scholar [[Nachmanides]] wrote, “According to our sages, they were notorious for every evil, but their fate was sealed for their persistence in not supporting the poor and the needy.” His contemporary Rabbenu Yonah expresses the same view: “Scripture attributes their annihilation to their failure to practice [[tzedakah]] [charity or justice].” [http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/publicat/hazon/tzedaka/Tzedakah_Activists_Vs_Sodomites.html]

	The [[Book of Wisdom]], which is included by Orthodox and Roman Catholics, but excluded by modern Jews (Judaism had obviously still included it in the first century AD), Protestants, and other Christian denominations, makes reference to the story of Sodom, further emphasizing that their sin had been failing to practice hospitability:		The [[Book of Wisdom]], which is included by Orthodox and Roman Catholics, but excluded by modern Jews (Judaism had obviously still included it in the first century AD), Protestants, and other Christian denominations, makes reference to the story of Sodom, [[further]] emphasizing that their sin had been failing to practice hospitability:

	:''And punishments came upon the sinners not without former signs by the force of thunders: for they suffered justly according to their own wickedness, insomuch as they used a more hard and hateful behaviour toward strangers.''		:''And punishments came upon the sinners not without former signs by the force of thunders: for they suffered justly according to their own wickedness, insomuch as they used a more hard and hateful behaviour toward strangers.''
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	The primarily sexual meaning of the word ''sodomia'' for Christians did not evolve before the 500s AD. Byzantine Emperor [[Justinian I]], in his novels no. 77 (dating 538) and no. 141 (dating 559) amended to his [[Corpus iuris civilis]], was the first to declare that Sodom's sin had been specifically same-sex activities and desire for them in order to create homosexual scapegoats for recent earthquakes and other disasters of his time (see [[Extreme weather events of 535-536]]), but most of all to enact anti-homosexual laws that he used upon personal as well as political opponents in case he could not prove them guilty of anything else.		The primarily sexual meaning of the word ''sodomia'' for Christians did not evolve before the 500s AD. Byzantine Emperor [[Justinian I]], in his novels no. 77 (dating 538) and no. 141 (dating 559) amended to his [[Corpus iuris civilis]], was the first to declare that Sodom's sin had been specifically same-sex activities and desire for them in order to create homosexual scapegoats for recent earthquakes and other disasters of his time (see [[Extreme weather events of 535-536]]), but most of all to enact anti-homosexual laws that he used upon personal as well as political opponents in case he could not prove them guilty of anything else.

	Justinian's were not the first Roman laws prohibiting homosexual behavior. Earlier such measures had been included in the ''[[Lex Scantinia]]'' dating from 149 BC and the ''[[Lex Julia]]'' dating from 17 BC, both constituting the death penalty for homosexual behavior. Allegations exist that even before ''Lex Scantinia'' such laws existed, but direct evidence of these laws has been lost<ref>''[[Valerius Maximus\|VALERI MAXIMI]] FACTORVM ET DICTORVM MEMORABILIVM LIBRI NOVEM'', volume VI, section V ff</ref><ref>Article on ''struprum cum mastulo'' by W. Kroll in Pauly-Wissowa (ed.), ''Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft'', 1921</ref><ref>On ''supplicium fustuarium'', public beating to death for same-sex behavior in Rome long before ''Lex scantinia'', see [[Polybios]], ''The Histories'', volume VI, chapter 37</ref><ref>See article ''Päderastie'' by M. H. E. Meier in Ersch & Gruber (eds.), ''Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste''</ref><ref>[[Theodor Mommsen]], ''Römisches Strafrecht'', 1899, p. 703f (in English as ''Roman Criminal Law'')</ref><ref>Wilhelm Rein, ''Das Criminalrecht der Römer von Romulus bis auf Justinianus'' ("Roman Criminal Law from Romulus up to Justinian I"), 1844, p. 864</ref><ref>Gisela Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, ''Tabu Homosexualität - Die Geschichte eines Vorurteils'' ("The taboo of homosexuality: The history of a prejudice"), 1978, p. 187</ref>. While sticking to the death penalty by beheading as punishment for homosexuality, Justinian's legal novels heralded a change in Roman legal paradigm as in that he introduced a concept of not only mundane but also divine punishment for homosexual behavior. Individuals might ignore and escape mundane laws, but they could not do the same with divine laws if Justinian declared his novels to be such.		Justinian's were not the first Roman laws prohibiting homosexual behavior. Earlier such measures had been included in the ''[[Lex Scantinia]]'' dating from 149 BC and the ''[[Lex Julia]]'' dating from 17 BC, both constituting the death penalty for homosexual behavior. Allegations exist that even before ''Lex Scantinia'' such laws existed, but direct evidence of these laws has been lost<ref>''[[Valerius Maximus\|VALERI MAXIMI]] FACTORVM ET DICTORVM MEMORABILIVM LIBRI NOVEM'', volume VI, section V ff</ref><ref>Article on ''struprum cum mastulo'' by W. Kroll in Pauly-Wissowa (ed.), ''Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft'', 1921</ref><ref>On ''supplicium fustuarium'', public beating to death for same-sex behavior in Rome long before ''Lex scantinia'', see [[Polybios]], ''The Histories'', volume VI, chapter 37</ref><ref>See article ''Päderastie'' by M. H. E. Meier in Ersch & Gruber (eds.), ''Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste''</ref><ref>[[Theodor Mommsen]], ''Römisches Strafrecht'', 1899, p. 703f (in English as ''Roman Criminal Law'')</ref><ref>Wilhelm Rein, ''Das Criminalrecht der Römer von Romulus bis auf Justinianus'' ("Roman Criminal Law from Romulus up to Justinian I"), 1844, p. 864</ref><ref>Gisela Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, ''Tabu Homosexualität - Die Geschichte eines Vorurteils'' ("The taboo of homosexuality: The [[history]] of a prejudice"), 1978, p. 187</ref>. While sticking to the death penalty by beheading as punishment for homosexuality, Justinian's legal novels heralded a change in Roman legal paradigm as in that he introduced a concept of not only mundane but also divine punishment for homosexual behavior. Individuals might ignore and escape mundane laws, but they could not do the same with divine laws if Justinian declared his novels to be such.

	=== Benedictus Levita and the ''Pseudo-Isidore ===		=== Benedictus Levita and the ''Pseudo-Isidore ===
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	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	*Robert Purks Maccubbin (Ed.), '''Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized Sexuality During the Enlightenment'' (Cambridge University Press, 1988)		*Robert Purks Maccubbin (Ed.), '''Tis Nature's Fault: Unauthorized [[Sexuality]] During the Enlightenment'' (Cambridge University Press, 1988)
	*Mark D. Jordan, ''The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).		*Mark D. Jordan, ''The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
	*Richard B. Hays (2004) ''The Moral Vision of the New Testament'' (London: Continuum). pg. 381		*Richard B. Hays (2004) ''The Moral Vision of the New Testament'' (London: Continuum). pg. 381

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2020-09-02T00:37:10Z

1,000 revisions imported

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76.214.122.195: masturbation is a universal practice, its to common to be considered sodomy

2008-02-08T04:26:59Z

masturbation is a universal practice, its to common to be considered sodomy

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:26, 8 February 2008
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	The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].		The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].

	The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref> In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], ~~[[masturbate\|masturbation]]~~ and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->		The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref> In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->

	In current usage, the term is particularly used in law.<ref>Sodomy Laws[http://www.sodomylaws.org/]</ref> [[Sodomy law]]s forbidding certain types of sex acts have been instituted in many cultures. In the various criminal codes of [[United States of America]], the term "sodomy" has generally been replaced by "[[Deviant sexual intercourse]]", which is precisely defined by statute.<ref>eg. New York State Penal Law, Article 130, "Deviant Sexual Intercourse". The definition in this particular instance is as follows- ''"Deviant sexual intercourse means sexual conduct between persons not married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, the mouth and the penis or the mouth and the vulva"''.[http://books.google.com/books?id=FqMoLytiNlUC&pg=PA150&lpg=PA150&dq=usa+deviant+sexual+intercourse+laws&source=web&ots=HQy3tIi2jj&sig=eL2UvEn-GrtPyvNGCYaYsMpeX0k#PPP1,M1].</ref> These laws have been under challenge and have in places been found unconstitutional or have been replaced with different acts.<ref>Lawrence v. Texas in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003.[http://www.sodomylaws.org/legal.htm]</ref> Some countries, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia retain "sodomy laws" against homosexual acts. Elsewhere the legal use of the term "sodomy" is restricted to [[rape]] cases where an act such as anal penetration has taken place.<ref>Sodomy Laws around the World [http://www.sodomylaws.org/index.htm]</ref>		In current usage, the term is particularly used in law.<ref>Sodomy Laws[http://www.sodomylaws.org/]</ref> [[Sodomy law]]s forbidding certain types of sex acts have been instituted in many cultures. In the various criminal codes of [[United States of America]], the term "sodomy" has generally been replaced by "[[Deviant sexual intercourse]]", which is precisely defined by statute.<ref>eg. New York State Penal Law, Article 130, "Deviant Sexual Intercourse". The definition in this particular instance is as follows- ''"Deviant sexual intercourse means sexual conduct between persons not married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, the mouth and the penis or the mouth and the vulva"''.[http://books.google.com/books?id=FqMoLytiNlUC&pg=PA150&lpg=PA150&dq=usa+deviant+sexual+intercourse+laws&source=web&ots=HQy3tIi2jj&sig=eL2UvEn-GrtPyvNGCYaYsMpeX0k#PPP1,M1].</ref> These laws have been under challenge and have in places been found unconstitutional or have been replaced with different acts.<ref>Lawrence v. Texas in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003.[http://www.sodomylaws.org/legal.htm]</ref> Some countries, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia retain "sodomy laws" against homosexual acts. Elsewhere the legal use of the term "sodomy" is restricted to [[rape]] cases where an act such as anal penetration has taken place.<ref>Sodomy Laws around the World [http://www.sodomylaws.org/index.htm]</ref>

meta>Michael Kuter: eccessive > excessive

2008-02-04T01:59:37Z

eccessive > excessive

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:59, 4 February 2008
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	In modern [[French language\|French]], the word “sodomie” (and in modern [[Spanish language\|Spanish]], the word “sodomía”) is used exclusively for penetrative anal sex (where the penetration is performed with a penis or a substitute of similar shape such as a dildo, possibly a strap-on dildo, thus any gender can be on the giving or receiving end). The matching french verb is "sodomiser" ([[Spanish language\|Spanish]] "sodomizar").		In modern [[French language\|French]], the word “sodomie” (and in modern [[Spanish language\|Spanish]], the word “sodomía”) is used exclusively for penetrative anal sex (where the penetration is performed with a penis or a substitute of similar shape such as a dildo, possibly a strap-on dildo, thus any gender can be on the giving or receiving end). The matching french verb is "sodomiser" ([[Spanish language\|Spanish]] "sodomizar").
	In modern [[German language\|German]], the word “Sodomie” has no connotation of anal or oral sex, and refers specifically to [[zoophilia]]. (''See [[Paragraph 175#Version of June 28.2C 1935\|Paragraph 175 StGB, version of June 28, 1935]]''.) The same goes for the [[Norway\|Norwegian]] word “sodomi” and the [[Poland\|Polish]] "sodomia". “Sodomy”, therefore, can be considered a '[[false friend]],' a word that English speakers will think they know the meaning of, but which actually holds a different, though in this case related, meaning. Responsible for this was the ~~eccessive~~ broadening of the term ''sodomia'' by Benedictus Levita (see above).		In modern [[German language\|German]], the word “Sodomie” has no connotation of anal or oral sex, and refers specifically to [[zoophilia]]. (''See [[Paragraph 175#Version of June 28.2C 1935\|Paragraph 175 StGB, version of June 28, 1935]]''.) The same goes for the [[Norway\|Norwegian]] word “sodomi” and the [[Poland\|Polish]] "sodomia". “Sodomy”, therefore, can be considered a '[[false friend]],' a word that English speakers will think they know the meaning of, but which actually holds a different, though in this case related, meaning. Responsible for this was the excessive broadening of the term ''sodomia'' by Benedictus Levita (see above).

	== Popular use ==		== Popular use ==

141.213.19.218: /* Definitions */

2008-01-31T18:15:32Z

Definitions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 31 January 2008
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	The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].		The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].

	The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref>		The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref> In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], [[masturbate\|masturbation]] and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->

	In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], [[masturbate\|masturbation]] and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->

	In current usage, the term is particularly used in law.<ref>Sodomy Laws[http://www.sodomylaws.org/]</ref> [[Sodomy law]]s forbidding certain types of sex acts have been instituted in many cultures. In the various criminal codes of [[United States of America]], the term "sodomy" has generally been replaced by "[[Deviant sexual intercourse]]", which is precisely defined by statute.<ref>eg. New York State Penal Law, Article 130, "Deviant Sexual Intercourse". The definition in this particular instance is as follows- ''"Deviant sexual intercourse means sexual conduct between persons not married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, the mouth and the penis or the mouth and the vulva"''.[http://books.google.com/books?id=FqMoLytiNlUC&pg=PA150&lpg=PA150&dq=usa+deviant+sexual+intercourse+laws&source=web&ots=HQy3tIi2jj&sig=eL2UvEn-GrtPyvNGCYaYsMpeX0k#PPP1,M1].</ref> These laws have been under challenge and have in places been found unconstitutional or have been replaced with different acts.<ref>Lawrence v. Texas in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003.[http://www.sodomylaws.org/legal.htm]</ref> Some countries, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia retain "sodomy laws" against homosexual acts. Elsewhere the legal use of the term "sodomy" is restricted to [[rape]] cases where an act such as anal penetration has taken place.<ref>Sodomy Laws around the World [http://www.sodomylaws.org/index.htm]</ref>		In current usage, the term is particularly used in law.<ref>Sodomy Laws[http://www.sodomylaws.org/]</ref> [[Sodomy law]]s forbidding certain types of sex acts have been instituted in many cultures. In the various criminal codes of [[United States of America]], the term "sodomy" has generally been replaced by "[[Deviant sexual intercourse]]", which is precisely defined by statute.<ref>eg. New York State Penal Law, Article 130, "Deviant Sexual Intercourse". The definition in this particular instance is as follows- ''"Deviant sexual intercourse means sexual conduct between persons not married to each other consisting of contact between the penis and the anus, the mouth and the penis or the mouth and the vulva"''.[http://books.google.com/books?id=FqMoLytiNlUC&pg=PA150&lpg=PA150&dq=usa+deviant+sexual+intercourse+laws&source=web&ots=HQy3tIi2jj&sig=eL2UvEn-GrtPyvNGCYaYsMpeX0k#PPP1,M1].</ref> These laws have been under challenge and have in places been found unconstitutional or have been replaced with different acts.<ref>Lawrence v. Texas in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003.[http://www.sodomylaws.org/legal.htm]</ref> Some countries, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia retain "sodomy laws" against homosexual acts. Elsewhere the legal use of the term "sodomy" is restricted to [[rape]] cases where an act such as anal penetration has taken place.<ref>Sodomy Laws around the World [http://www.sodomylaws.org/index.htm]</ref>

141.213.19.218: /* Definitions */

2008-01-31T18:14:50Z

Definitions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 31 January 2008
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	The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].		The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].

	The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref> ~~Although not [[gender]] specific by definition, in common use ''sodomy'' generally refers to [[homosexual]] intercourse between males.~~		The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref>

	In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], [[masturbate\|masturbation]] and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->		In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], [[masturbate\|masturbation]] and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 31 January 2008
Line 7:		Line 7:
	The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].		The term comes from the [[Ecclesiastical Latin]]: ''pecatum Sodomiticum'', or "sin of Sodom".<ref name=OED/> The expression has [[Bible\|biblical]] origin and was used to characterize [[human sexual behavior\|sexual]] acts that were attributed to citizens of ancient [[Sodom and Gomorrah]].

	The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref> ~~Although not [[gender]] specific by definition, in common use ''sodomy'' generally refers to [[homosexual]] intercourse between males.~~		The term includes all sexual acts other than [[coitus\|coital]] sex between a male and female.<ref name=OED> Oxford English Dictionary </ref>

	In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], [[masturbate\|masturbation]] and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->		In its widest definition "sodomy" refers to [[anal sex\|anal penetration]], [[oral sex]], [[masturbate\|masturbation]] and [[paraphilia]]. The term is also sometimes used to describe human-animal sexual intercourse (also known as [[bestiality]] or [[zoophilia]]);<ref name=OED/> this is the primary meaning of the cognate [[German language]] word ''Sodomie''. <!---No idea where this piece of info came from. It was already here. AJM--->