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'''Human–[[animal marriage]]'''  is a marriage between a (non-human) animal and a human. This topic has appeared in mythology and [[magic in fiction|magical fiction]].<ref>[http://www.diacronia.ro/en/journal/issue/4/A58/en/pdf Naithani, Sadhana (2014). Folklore Theory in Postwar Germany.] University Press of Mississippi. pp. 48–52. {{ISBN|9781617039942}}.</ref> In the 21st century there have been numerous reports from around the world of humans marrying their pets and other animals. Human–animal marriage is often seen in accordance with [[zoophilia]], although they are not necessarily linked. Although animal-human marriage is not mentioned specifically in national laws, the act of engaging in [[Zoophilia and the law|sexual acts with an animal]] is illegal in many countries under animal abuse laws.
'''Human-animal marriage'''  is not recognized in law by any country.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}


==Historical cases==
== Animal–human marriage in mythology ==
The practice of animal-human marriage has made appearances in several [[Mythology|mythological]] stories and [[folklore]], and is often understood to mean a deity-human marriage involving gods or heroes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Alan L.|date=1995-01-01|title=The Woman Who Married a Horse: Five Ways of Looking at a Chinese Folktale|jstor=1178945|journal=Asian Folklore Studies|volume=54|issue=2|pages=275–305|doi=10.2307/1178945}}</ref> The Chinese folktale "The Goddess of the Silkworm" is an example of a tale where a woman marries a [[horse]].<ref name=":0" /> A similar Irish [[legend]] tells of a king who marries a horse, symbolizing a divine union between the king and the goddess of the land.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/stpatrickofirela00phil|url-access=registration|title=St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography|last=Freeman|first=Philip|date=2004-03-17|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780743267496|language=en}}</ref> Also the indigenous [[Cheyenne]] have a story of animal-human marriage in "The Girl who Married a Dog".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stensland|first=Anna Lee|date=1977-01-01|title=The Indian Presence in American Literature|jstor=815804|journal=The English Journal|volume=66|issue=3|pages=37–41|doi=10.2307/815804}}</ref> In addition, there are many Native American stories about people who married animals. In these Native American myths, animal spirits frequently assume human form.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Mi-Ni/Native-American-Mythology.html|title=Native American Mythology – Myth Encyclopedia – god, story, legend, names, ancient, animal, snake, world, creation, life|website=www.mythencyclopedia.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref> They are not seen as literal animals, but representatives from the animal kingdom.<ref name=":1" />


===Cow===
According to [[Bernard Sergent]], "human–animal marriage is an union that is too remote as incest is a too close one. Compared to a balanced marriage, between humans but from another clan or another village, that is to say–depending on the society–within the framework of a well measured [[endogamy]] or [[exogamy]], incest transgresses the norm because it is an exaggerated endogamy, and animal marriage transgresses it because it is an exaggerated exogamy."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sergent|first=Bernard|date=1999|title=Un mythe lithuano-amérindien|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1999_num_25_2_1536|journal=Dialogues d'histoire ancienne|volume=25|issue=2|page=36|doi=10.3406/dha.1999.1536|via=}}</ref>
* An Indonesian teenager from [[Bali]] was forced by village elders to marry a cow after he was caught having sex with it. Ngurah Alit claimed the cow seduced him and "wooed him with flattering compliments." The cow was then drowned in a "cleansing" ritual.<ref>http://www.metro.co.uk/weird/830794-man-forced-to-marry-cow-faints-at-wedding</ref>


===Horse===
== Animal–human marriage in reality==
* In some parts of [[Celt]]ic [[Ireland]], kings (often called "sacred kings") had to wed the local [[goddess]] of the land. A [[druid]]ess was usually chosen to represent the land goddess as the king's wife, but one king in [[Donegal]] married a horse, a representative of their local [[goddess]]. [http://library.thinkquest.org/C0116903/society/classes.htm]
Although it is uncertain if there is a legal basis for marrying an animal, several individuals claim to have done so. The [[Sudanese goat marriage incident]] made big headlines in 2006 when a man was forced to marry a goat after being caught in a sexual interaction with the goat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1550479/Man-marries-goat-captivates-millions.html|title='Man marries goat' captivates millions|last=Staff|first=By Our Foreign|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en}}</ref> Other reports of marriage include animals such as dogs, cats, frogs and a dolphin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3004930.stm|title=BBC NEWS {{!}} South Asia {{!}} Girl weds dog to break 'evil spell'|website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/11/13/man-in-india-marries-dog-to-atone-for-stoning-to-death-mating-canines.html|title=Man in India Marries Dog to Atone for Stoning to Death Mating Canines|date=2007-11-13|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8658327.stm|title=BBC News - German man 'marries' his dying cat|website=news.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/4290761/Seven-year-old-Indian-girls-marry-frogs.html|title=Seven-year-old Indian girls 'marry' frogs|last=Delhi|first=By Dean Nelson in|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2006/01/03/british-woman-marries-dolphin.html|title=British Woman Marries Dolphin|date=2006-01-03|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref> Other incidents of human animal relations took place in 2010, when 18-year-old Balinese man Ngurah Alit was found having sexual intercourse with a cow butt, who he claimed flirted with him.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=http://jakartaglobe.id/archive/bali-teenager-passes-out-marrying-cow-he-had-sex-with/|title=Bali Teenager Passes Out Marrying Cow He Had Sex With {{!}} Jakarta Globe|work=Jakarta Globe|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref> As part of a Pecaruan ritual, the man was forced to marry the animal.<ref name=":02" /> The ceremony was thought to cleanse the village of the immoral act of [[bestiality]].<ref name=":02" /> The cow was drowned in the ocean, while Alit was symbolically drowned as well.<ref name=":02" />
* May 1998 – ''[[The Jerry Springer Show]]'' had an episode titled "I Married a Horse!". The show was ultimately not aired by many stations on the planned date, apparently due to concerns about the acceptability of broadcasting an episode in which a man admitted to a long term emotional and sexual relationship of this kind. The man and his horse later participated in a British documentary on the subject.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cincypost.com/living/1998/spring052198.html|title=Springer's latest: 'I Married a Horse'|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|publisher=[[E. W. Scripps Company]]|date=1998-05-21|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040406093707/http://www.cincypost.com/living/1998/spring052198.html|archivedate=2004-04-06}}</ref>
 
===Dog===
* June 2003 – A nine year old [[India]]n girl of the [[Santal]] (or 'Santhal') tribe of [[Khanyhan]], near [[Calcutta]] was formally married to a dog, in order to ward off a bad [[omen]]. The wedding was attended by more than one hundred guests, who danced to the beating of drums and drank home-made liquor. The girl told [[Western world|Western]] press, "I have no regret in marrying the dog Bacchan. I am fond of the dog who moves around our locality (translation [''sic''])" and tribal elders added she was free to remarry a human in future as an adult. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3004930.stm]
* November 2007 – A man in southern India married a female dog in a traditional Hindu ceremony as an attempt to atone for stoning two other dogs to death – an act he believes cursed him. Selvakumar, 33, told the paper he had been suffering since he stoned two dogs to death and hung their bodies from a tree 15 years prior.[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21768663/]
* February 2009 – An infant boy was married off to his neighbors' dog in eastern India by villagers who said it will stop the groom from being killed by wild animals. The boy will still be able to marry a human bride in the future without filing for divorce. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29259293/]
* November 2010 – A young [[Toowoomba, Queensland]] man tied the knot with his best friend – a five-year-old labrador.[http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/toowoomba-man-marries-dog-20101201-18g5o.html]
 
===Goat===
{{Main|Sudanese goat marriage incident}}
* February 2006 – A [[Sudan]]ese man named Charles Tombe caught having sex with a neighbour's [[goat]] which was subsequently nicknamed [[Rose (goat)|Rose]], was ordered by the council of [[Elder (administrative title)|elder]]s to pay the neighbour a [[dowry]] of 15,000 Sudanese dinars ($75) and marry the animal.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4748292.stm | work=BBC News | title=Sudan man forced to 'marry' goat | date=2006-02-24 | accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref>
 
===Snake===
* June 2006 – An [[India]]n woman from [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Orissa]], allegedly "fell in love with a snake" and was married to it at a "traditional Hindu wedding celebrated by 2,000 guests". She claimed that a bond of understanding existed between the two. The woman had previously been ill, and recovered upon offering milk to the snake, at which time she fell in love. She later "converted to the animal-loving vegetarian [[Vaishnav]] sect whose local elders gave her permission to marry the [[cobra]]." [http://hindustantimes.com/news/181_1711610,00110002.htm]. An investigation by ''[[Harper's]]'' magazine journalist [[Mischa Berlinski]] suggests that the snake may not even exist at all and that the incident may have been stage-managed as part of a local power struggle between Vaishnav religious leaders.<ref>Mischa Berlinski, "Woman marries snake: A peculiar Indian love story", ''Harper's'', Nov. 2007, pp 41–52.</ref>
 
==Folklore, myth, and popular culture==
* A [[Korea]]n folktale, sometimes known as ''The Silkworm'', tells how [[silk]] originated following the King's daughter spiritually marrying a horse, in completion of a promise made in times of trouble. In the tale, the princess was reborn as a [[silkworm]], a creature whose appearance and mannerisms superficially were said to resemble that of a horse. (From Chonsol Ttara Samch'olli, retold by Heinz Insu Fenkl) [http://web.archive.org/web/20091027084531/http://geocities.com/ifenkl/kft/silkworm.html] [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:18018300/The+woman+who+married+a+horse~C~+five+ways+of+looking+at+a+Chinese+folktale~R~.html?refid=ip_hf]
* A [[Cheyenne]] myth "The Girl Who Married a Dog", states that the group of seven stars known as the [[Pleiades (star cluster)|Pleiades]] originated from seven puppies which a Cheyenne chief's daughter gave birth to after mysteriously being visited by a dog in human form to whom she vowed "Wherever you go, I go".<ref>[http://www.native-languages.org/cheyennestory3.htm The Girl Who Married A Dog]</ref>
* The [[Cree]] people of [[Waskaganish]], [[Canada]], tell the tale of "The Girl and the Dog", in which a girl living alone is visited by a talking dog who she jestingly agrees to marry. The dog hunted for her and she had a [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] [[offspring]]. Finally the woman had human visitors, and resolved to marry one of them, and was killed by the dog in her sleep, out of jealousy. [http://collections.ic.gc.ca/waskaganish/mythsthewoman.html] (told by John Blackned)
* One [[Inuit]] origin-myth states that the human races originated from the offspring of a girl who married a dog. [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/north/h16-4109-e.html]


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Choupette]]
* [[Human bonding]]
* [[Human-animal hybrid]]
* [[Speciesism]]
* [[Speciesism]]
* [[Anthrozoology]]
* [[Anthrozoology]]
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{Types of marriages|state=autocollapse}}
* [http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheGirlWhoMarriedADog-Cheyenne.html A Cheyenne Legend] First People – The Legends
{{zoophilia}}
* [http://www.angelfire.com/ca/Indian/GirlMarriedDog.html The Girl Who Married a Dog] (Cheyenne)


{{DEFAULTSORT:Human-Animal Marriage}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Human-Animal Marriage}}
[[Category:Human-animal relationships]]
[[Category:Animals and humans|Marriage]]
[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Animal law]]
[[Category:Types of marriage]]
[[Category:Marriage]]


[[vi:Hôn nhân giữa người và thú]]
{{ethics-stub}}
{{animal-rights-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:31, 2 April 2023

Human–animal marriage is a marriage between a (non-human) animal and a human. This topic has appeared in mythology and magical fiction.[1] In the 21st century there have been numerous reports from around the world of humans marrying their pets and other animals. Human–animal marriage is often seen in accordance with zoophilia, although they are not necessarily linked. Although animal-human marriage is not mentioned specifically in national laws, the act of engaging in sexual acts with an animal is illegal in many countries under animal abuse laws.

Animal–human marriage in mythology

The practice of animal-human marriage has made appearances in several mythological stories and folklore, and is often understood to mean a deity-human marriage involving gods or heroes.[2] The Chinese folktale "The Goddess of the Silkworm" is an example of a tale where a woman marries a horse.[2] A similar Irish legend tells of a king who marries a horse, symbolizing a divine union between the king and the goddess of the land.[3] Also the indigenous Cheyenne have a story of animal-human marriage in "The Girl who Married a Dog".[4] In addition, there are many Native American stories about people who married animals. In these Native American myths, animal spirits frequently assume human form.[5] They are not seen as literal animals, but representatives from the animal kingdom.[5]

According to Bernard Sergent, "human–animal marriage is an union that is too remote as incest is a too close one. Compared to a balanced marriage, between humans but from another clan or another village, that is to say–depending on the society–within the framework of a well measured endogamy or exogamy, incest transgresses the norm because it is an exaggerated endogamy, and animal marriage transgresses it because it is an exaggerated exogamy."[6]

Animal–human marriage in reality

Although it is uncertain if there is a legal basis for marrying an animal, several individuals claim to have done so. The Sudanese goat marriage incident made big headlines in 2006 when a man was forced to marry a goat after being caught in a sexual interaction with the goat.[7] Other reports of marriage include animals such as dogs, cats, frogs and a dolphin.[8][9][10][11][12] Other incidents of human animal relations took place in 2010, when 18-year-old Balinese man Ngurah Alit was found having sexual intercourse with a cow butt, who he claimed flirted with him.[13] As part of a Pecaruan ritual, the man was forced to marry the animal.[13] The ceremony was thought to cleanse the village of the immoral act of bestiality.[13] The cow was drowned in the ocean, while Alit was symbolically drowned as well.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Naithani, Sadhana (2014). Folklore Theory in Postwar Germany. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 48–52. ISBN 9781617039942.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Miller, Alan L. (1995-01-01). "The Woman Who Married a Horse: Five Ways of Looking at a Chinese Folktale". Asian Folklore Studies. 54 (2): 275–305. doi:10.2307/1178945. JSTOR 1178945.
  3. ↑ Freeman, Philip (2004-03-17). St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780743267496.
  4. ↑ Stensland, Anna Lee (1977-01-01). "The Indian Presence in American Literature". The English Journal. 66 (3): 37–41. doi:10.2307/815804. JSTOR 815804.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Native American Mythology – Myth Encyclopedia – god, story, legend, names, ancient, animal, snake, world, creation, life". www.mythencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  6. ↑ Sergent, Bernard (1999). "Un mythe lithuano-amérindien". Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. 25 (2): 36. doi:10.3406/dha.1999.1536.
  7. ↑ Staff, By Our Foreign. "'Man marries goat' captivates millions". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  8. ↑ "BBC NEWS | South Asia | Girl weds dog to break 'evil spell'". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  9. ↑ "Man in India Marries Dog to Atone for Stoning to Death Mating Canines". Fox News. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  10. ↑ "BBC News - German man 'marries' his dying cat". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  11. ↑ Delhi, By Dean Nelson in. "Seven-year-old Indian girls 'marry' frogs". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  12. ↑ "British Woman Marries Dolphin". Fox News. 2006-01-03. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Bali Teenager Passes Out Marrying Cow He Had Sex With | Jakarta Globe". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
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