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| [[Image:Leda.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Leda and the Swan]]'', a [[16th century]] copy after a lost painting by [[Michelangelo]], 1530 ([[National Gallery, London]])]]
| | {{Imported|Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoophilia}} |
| '''Zoophilia''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''Zoon'' = animal and ''Philia'' = friendship) is a [[paraphilia]], defined as an affinity or sexual attraction by a [[human]] to non-human [[animal]]s. Such individuals are called '''zoophiles'''. The more recent terms '''zoosexual''' and '''zoosexuality''' also describe the full spectrum of human/animal attraction. A separate term, '''bestiality''' (generally preferred by critics and in legislation), refers to human/animal sexual activity. To avoid confusion about the meaning of ''zoophilia'' – which may refer to the dictionary definition, paraphilia, or sexual activity – this article uses ''zoophilia'' for the former, and ''zoosexuality'' for the sexual act. The two terms are independent: not all sexual acts with animals are performed by zoophiles, and not all zoophiles engage in sexual activity.
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| | <span style="font-size:48px;color:red">ISLAM DISLIKE ZOOPHILES</span> |
| | [[File:Dnb chad 'pril.png]][[File:Dnb chad.jpg]][[file:DEAD NIGGER]][[file:DEAD NIGGER]][[file:DEAD NIGGER]] |
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| Zoophilia is usually considered to be unnatural, and sexual acts with animals are often condemned as [[cruelty to animals|animal abuse]] and/or outlawed as a "crime against nature". Some, such as philosopher and animal rights author [[Peter Singer]], argue that this is not inherently the case, a view which was endorsed by [[PETA]] president Ingrid Newkirk [http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/09/arts/09TANK.html]. Scientifically, research is often critical of the traditional view, and clinically, the activity or desire itself is no longer classified as a pathology under [[DSM-IV|DSM-IV (TR)]] (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the [[American Psychiatric Association]]) unless accompanied by distress or interference with normal functioning. Defenders of zoophilia claim that a human/animal relationship can go far beyond sexuality, and that animals are (if allowed) capable of forming a [[loving relationship]] that can last for years, and that they do not consider it functionally different from any other love/sex relationship.
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| == Terminology ==
| | Kill niggers. Behead niggers. Roundhouse kick a nigger into the concrete. Slam dunk a nigger baby into the trashcan. Crucify filthy blacks. Defecate in a niggers food. Launch niggers into the sun. Stir fry niggers in a wok. Toss niggers into active volcanoes. Make niggers check my dubs. Urinate into a niggers gas tank. Judo throw niggers into a wood chipper. Twist niggers heads off. Report niggers to the IRS. Karate chop niggers in half. Curb stomp pregnant black niggers. Trap niggers in quicksand. Crush niggers in the trash compactor. Liquefy niggers in a vat of acid. Eat niggers. Dissect niggers. Exterminate niggers in the gas chamber. Stomp nigger skulls with steel toed boots. Cremate niggers in the oven. Lobotomize niggers. Mandatory abortions for niggers. Grind nigger fetuses in the garbage disposal. Drown niggers in fried chicken grease. Vaporize niggers with a ray gun. Kick old niggers down the stairs. Feed niggers to alligators. Slice niggers with a katana. Put a bomb in a nigger's mouth. Throw knives at niggers. Inflate niggers until they pop. Send niggers into a blackhole. Castrate niggers. Feed niggers poisoned food. Force niggers to walk the plank. Push niggers into a pit. Kneel on a nigger's neck. Curse niggers with a spell. Stuff nigger babies into the washing machine and turn it on. Flatten niggers with a tank. Pop a nigger's car tire. Strike nigger children with a ruler. Make niggers swim in the Mariana Trench. Cut off a nigger's limbs. Airdrop niggers into Antarctica. Throw niggers off the boat. Pressurize niggers into fine crystals. Light fireworks in a nigger's ass. Falcon-punch a nigger in the face. Make niggers into fiction. Blow niggers heads off with grenade launchers. Blow niggers brains open with a sniper rifle. Lock niggers in a cage and drown them underwater. Nail niggers to a cross and stab them. Run over niggers with a tank feet-first. Crush niggers with a press. Attack niggers with acid. Boil niggers in a pan. Lock niggers inside a brazen bull. Burn niggers alive. Drag niggers across a wall of spikes. Pour molten lava on niggers. Quarter niggers. Impale niggers on a pike. Tenderize niggers with a mallet. Ionise niggers in a mass spectrometer. Irradiate niggers in a nuclear reactor. Spaghettify niggers in a black hole. Curse niggers with the necronomicon. Trap niggers in purgatory. Bang a niggers testicles with a spiked bat. Throw niggers off a twelve story building. Freeze dry niggers in the vacuum of space. Fry niggers with power lines. Feed niggers ricin. Kneecap a nigger with a twelve gauge. Re enslave niggers. Sell niggers organs on the black market. Run niggers over with an eighteen wheeler. Throw niggers into the grand canyon. Burn niggers with jet engine exhaust. Beat niggers to death with a tire iron. Cauterise a niggers asshole with a blowtorch. Sacrifice niggers to the sun god. Drop niggers out of a plane at forty thousand feet. Feed niggers to sharks. Load a nigger into a cannon and shoot the nigger at a concrete wall. Keel Haul niggers under a galleon. Disembowel niggers with a bayonet. Strap a nigger to a cruise missile and launch it at a nigger neighborhood. Drop niggers into chernobyl reactor building number 4. Hang, draw, and quarter niggers. Lure niggers in with fried chicken and trap them with bear traps. Force a nigger to learn calculus, then kill the nigger anyway. Atomize niggers with a powerfist. Throw niggers into vats full of FEV virus. Choke niggers with barbed wire. Throw pianos at niggers from 40-story buildings. Throw niggers at pianos from 40-story buildings. Deep-freeze niggers in liquid nitrogen then shatter them with a hammer. Tie niggers to ICBMs then fire them at Israel. Shoot niggers with syringe guns. Defecate on nigger food stamps. Make niggers pay child support in blood. Build a newton cannon and fire niggers into the orbit. Put advertisement posters on niggers then nail them to their bodies with a hammer. Irradiate niggers with depleted uranium. Launch a nigger with a trebuchet. Send a nigger exploring titanic in a cheap submarine. Use a nigger as a crash test dummy. Tie niggers onto growing bamboo shoots. Film an entire jackass movie on a nigger. Trample niggers. Bury niggers alive. Play bowling with niggers heads as pins. Grate niggers with a cheese grater. Get niggers stuck in an elevator. Spray a niggers toilet paper with poison ivy. Shoot a nigger directly with the Gustav gun. Sabotage a niggers parachute. Sabotage a niggers bungee. Trap a nigger under ice. Force a nigger to work and support a family of 5. Force niggers into gladiatorial combat. Send niggers back to warring African tribes. Hide a snake in a niggers room. Put niggers on a hot air balloon with low gas. Harvest a niggers organs. Waterboard niggers with gasoline, then set them on fire. Flay niggers. Tie niggers to train tracks. Put laxatives in their kool-aid. Recreate mortal kombat fatalities on niggers. Gibbet niggers. Tie a lightning rod to a niggers head during a storm. Lure niggers into suicide pods. Bury niggers neck deep and surround them with scorpions. Clear a mine field by sending niggers to it. Stir niggers into cement. Squeeze niggers through a chain link fence. Hack niggers socials and make them say they have irrefutable evidence that would lead to Hillary's arrest. Perform adorcism on a nigger. Microwave a niggers head. Suck a nigger into pool drainage ass first. Pour nitroglycerin inside a niggers basketball. Inject ebola in its food. Put a chubby nigger in a tribe of cannibals. Pressure wash niggers black skin. Play games with niggers jigsaw style. Trim a niggers nose hairs with a lawn mower. Strap a nigger to a wind turbine blade. Flatten a nigger in an industrial rolling machine. Turn a niggers bones into furniture. Make minced meat out of a nigger and serve nigga patties to other niggers. Feed a nigger viagra and put an activated sawblade in front of its dick. Disguise a thermally activated lightsaber as a niggers dildo. Stone niggers. Tranquilize niggers and put them in lion pits. Make a subhuman centipede from niggers. Throw a nigger down a well. Prescribe incorrect medication to niggers. Pimp-slap niggers into airplane turbines. Displace niggers in a predicted meteoroid contact area. Gift a nigger a lethal dose of fentanyl. Put dog collars on niggers at maximum voltage. Give niggers sentient brain parasites. Give niggers over to aliens in area 51 to be probed. Leave niggers out for vultures. Drive a nigger into a tornado with a remote controlled vehicle. Do freaky voodoo on a nigger. Strap niggers on a roller-coaster and use them as target practice. Strap niggers to a judas cradle. Blast niggers with Civil War cannons. Crucify filthy niggers. Whip niggers into obedience. Slingshot a nigger into orbit. Rocket niggers into the sun. Stir-fry niggers in a wok. Bite a nigger and drink their blood. Urinate into a nigger's gas tank. Judo throw niggers into the wood chipper. Unscrew a nigger's head off. Bake niggers into nigger-pizza. Arrest niggers for no reason. Electrocute niggers. Curb stomp pregnant niggers. Beat a nigger up. Slice a nigger up and wear their skin. Set niggers on fire. Spin niggers around until they puke. Tie niggers to a train track. Karate kick a nigger in the testicles. Stomp nigger skulls with steel-toed boots. Broil niggers into a broth. Deep fry niggers. Fourth-trimester abortions for niggers. Blend niggers in a blender. Snap a nigger's neck. Throw niggers off buildings. Send aliens to abduct niggers. Force niggers to ride the euthanasia coaster. Crush niggers with anvils. Throw niggers off of rooftops. Incinerate niggers. Starve niggers. Blow niggers up with dynamite. Gulp niggers. Feast on nigger eyeballs. Cave in a nigger's skull. Kiss a nigger to death. Peel a nigger like a banana. Wipe out nigger tribes. Deny niggers into Heaven. Freeze niggers in the vaccum of space. Hard boil a nigger. Lock on to niggers with a harpoon. Cryodesiccate a nigger. Ferment niggers into stew. Ensnare niggers. Nark on niggers to the army. Cause a total nigger purge. Jam a nigger into a geyser. Axe murder a nigger. Unleash Smelvin upon niggers. Put niggers on ships going to Africa and blow up the ships after they set sail. Total nigger death. |
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| The general term "zoophilia" was first introduced into the field of research on sexuality by [[Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing|Krafft-Ebing]] (1894). The terms '''zoosexual''' and '''zoosexuality''', signifying the entire spectrum of emotional and sexual attraction and/or orientation to animals, have also been used since the [[1980s]] (cited by Miletski, 1999), to suggest an analogy to homosexual or heterosexual orientations. Individuals with a strong affinity for animals but without a sexual interest can be described as "non-sexual" (or "emotional") zoophiles, but may object to the "zoophile" label. They are commonly called '''animal lovers''' instead.
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| The ambiguous term [[sodomy]] has sometimes been used in legal contexts to include zoosexual acts. "Zooerasty" is an older term, not in common use. In [[pornography]], human/animal sex is occasionally referred to as ''farmsex'' or ''dogsex''.
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| Amongst zoophiles, the term "bestialist" has acquired a negative connotation implying a lower concern for animal welfare. This arises from the desire by some zoophiles to distinguish zoophilia as a fully relational outlook (sexual or otherwise), from simple "ownership with sex". Others describe themselves as zoophiles ''and'' bestialists in accordance with the dictionary definitions of the words.
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| == Extent of occurrence ==
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| The extent to which zoophilia occurs is not known with any certainty, largely because feelings which may not have been acted upon can be difficult to quantify, lack of clear divide between non-sexual zoophilia and everyday pet care, and reluctance by most zoophiles to disclose their feelings. Instead most research into zoophilia has focused on its characteristics, rather than quantifying it.
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| Scientific surveys estimating the frequency of zoosexuality, as well as anecdotal evidence and informal surveys, suggest that more than 1-2% -- and perhaps as many as 8-10% -- of sexually active adults have had significant sexual experience with an animal at some point in their lives. Studies suggest that a larger number (perhaps 10-30% depending on area) have fantasized or had some form of brief encounter. Larger figures such as 50% for rural teenagers (living on or near livestock farms) have been cited in some surveys, but these statistics are uncertain. Anecdotally, [[Nancy Friday]]'s 1973 book on [[female sexuality]] ''[[My Secret Garden]]'' comprised around 180 women's contributions; of these, some 10% volunteered a serious interest or active participation in zoophilia.
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| [[Sexual fantasy|Sexual fantasies]] about zoosexual acts can occur in people who do not wish to experience them in real life, and may simply reflect normal imagination and curiosity. [[Latent]] zoophile tendencies may be common; the frequency of interest and sexual excitement in watching animals [[mating|mate]] is cited as an indicator of this by Massen (1994).
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| == Legal status ==
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| No jurisdiction is known to recognize zoophilic relationships, as such. They are legally no different from that of a person who keeps a pet or owns livestock.
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| Zoosexual acts are illegal in many jurisdictions, while others generally outlaw the mistreatment of animals without specifically mentioning sexuality. Because it is unresolved under the law whether sexual relations with an animal are inherently "abusive" or "mistreatment", this leaves the status of zoosexuality unclear in some jurisdictions.
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| * Just over half of [[U.S. state]]s explicitly outlaw sex with animals (sometimes under the name "[[sodomy]]"). In the 2000s, six U.S. states adopted new legislation against it: Oregon, Maine, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. An anomaly that arose in many U.S. states was that when laws outlawing "sodomy" (generally in the context of male homosexuality) were repealed or struck down by the courts, some people thought sex with animals would no longer be outlawed. But the 2004 conviction of a man in Florida demonstrated that even in states with no specific laws against zoosexual acts, animal cruelty statutes can be applied (e.g. [http://pet-abuse.com/cases/2206/FL/US/1 State vs. Mitchel]).
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| * In [[Australia]], laws are determined at the state level, with all but the [[Australian Capital Territory]] and [[Jervis Bay Territory]] explicitly outlawing it.
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| * In [[Germany]], sex with animals is not specifically outlawed (but trading pornography showing it is, cf. [http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184a.html §184a StGB]). In [[West Germany]], the law making it a crime ([[Paragraph 175|§175b]] StGB, which also outlawed homosexual acts) was removed in [[1969]]. [[East Germany]] before [[German reunification|reunification]] had no law against zoosexuality; zoosexual pornography, however, was very restricted. Certain barriers are set by the Animal Protection Law (''Tierschutzgesetz'').
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| * In the [[United Kingdom]], it is illegal, with [http://www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/30042--b.htm#69 section 69] of the [[Sexual Offences Act 2003]] reducing the sentence to a maximum of 2 years imprisonment, for human penile penetration of or by an animal.
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| * Zoosexual acts are illegal in [[Canada]] (section 160 forbidding "bestiality", note that the term is not defined further, so it is not quite clear what it might cover)
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| * In the Netherlands in [[2004]], newspapers reported concern by a legislator that a man caught having sex in a neighbor's barn with a horse not belonging to him could not be prosecuted because no law was broken. There was no visible injury to the horse.
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| == Zoophiles ==
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| === Zoophilia as a lifestyle ===
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| Separate from those whose interest is curiosity, pornography, or sexual novelty, are those for whom zoophilia might be called a lifestyle or orientation. A commonly reported starting age is at [[puberty]], around 9 - 11, and this seems consistent for both males and females. Those who discover an interest at an older age often trace it back to nascent form during this period or earlier.
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| Zoophiles tend to perceive differences between animals and human beings as less significant than others do, and view animals as having positive traits (e.g. honesty) that humans often lack. They tend to feel that society's understanding of non-human sexuality is misinformed. Although some feel guilty about their feelings and view them as a problem, others do not feel a need to be constrained by traditional standards in their private relationships.
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| The biggest difficulties many zoophiles report are the inability to be accepted or open about their animal relationships and feelings with friends and family, and the fear of harm or rejection if it became known. Other major issues are hidden loneliness and isolation (due to lack of contact with others who share this attraction or a belief they are alone), and the repeated deaths of animals they consider lifelong soulmates (because most species have far shorter lifespans than humans and they cannot openly grieve or talk about feelings of loss). Zoophiles do not usually cite internal conflicts over [[religion]] as their major issue, perhaps because zoophilia, although condemned by many religions, is not a frequent subject of their teachings.
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| Zoophilic sexual relationships vary, and may be based upon variations of human-style relationships (in particular, remaining [[Monogamy|monogamous]]), animal-style relationships (both participants making their own sexual choices, human as protector), or blending the two in various ways.
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| Zoophiles may or may not have human partners and families. Some zoophiles have an affinity or attraction to animals secondary to human attraction; others have a primary preference for animal companions. In some cases human family or friends are aware of the relationship with the animal and its nature, in others it is hidden. This can sometimes give rise to issues of [[guilt]] (re: divided loyalties and concealment) or [[jealousy]] within human relationships [http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Relationship/story?id=433489&page=1]. Zoophiles sometimes enter human relationships to deflect suspicions of zoophilia, or due to growing up within traditional expectations. Others may choose looser forms of human relationship as companions or housemates, live alone, or choose other zoophiles to live with.
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| === Non-sexual zoophilia ===
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| Although the term is often used to refer to sexual interest in animals, zoophilia is not necessarily sexual in nature. In [[psychology]] and [[sociology]] it is sometimes used without regard to sexual implications. The first definition listed for the word on [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=zoophilia dictionary.com] is "Affection or affinity for animals". Other definitions are:
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| * "Erotic attraction to or sexual contact with animals"
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| * "Attraction to or affinity for animals"
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| * "An erotic fixation on animals that may result in sexual excitement through real or fancied contact"
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| The common feature of "zoophilia" is some form of affective bond to animals beyond the usual, whether emotional or sexual in nature. Non-sexual zoophilia is generally accepted in society, and although sometimes ridiculed, it is usually respected or tolerated. Examples of non-sexual zoophilia can be found on animal memorial pages such as [http://www.in-memory-of-pets.com in-memory-of-pets.com] memorial and support site, or by [[Google|googling]] "pet memorials".
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| ==Perspectives on zoophilia==
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| === Psychological perspectives ===
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| [[DSM-III-R]] (APA, 1987) stated that sexual contact with animals is almost never a clinically significant problem by itself (Cerrone, 1991), and therefore both this and the later [[DSM-IV]] (APA, 1994) subsumed it under the residual classification "[[Paraphilia|paraphilias]] not otherwise specified".
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| The first detailed studies which included zoophilia date from prior to 1910. Research into zoophilia in its own right has happened since around 1960. Each significant study from Masters (1962) to Beetz (2002) has drawn and agreed on several broad conclusions:
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| * The critical aspect to study was emotion, relationship, and motive, not just assess or judge the sexual act alone, in isolation, or as "an act". (Masters, Miletski, Beetz)
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| * Research conducted within populations of juvenile and other persistent offenders, prison populations with records of violence, and people with prior psychological issues, where people were asked about prior zoosexual or zoosadistic activities, are sometimes cited. This approach (used in some older research and quoted as evidence of [[pathology]]) is considered discredited, and such studies are not viewed professionally as valid means to research zoophilia, as its results would only be based upon populations pre-selected as having known criminal records, abusive tendencies and/or psychological issues.
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| * Most zoophiles do have human relationships (Masters, Beetz)
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| * Society in general at present is misinformed about zoophilia (Masters, Miletski, Weinberg, Beetz)
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| * Zoophiles' emotions and care to animals can be real, relational, authentic and (within animals' abilities) reciprocal (Masters, Miletski, Weinberg, Beetz)
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| * Contrary to popular belief, there is in fact significant popular or "latent" interest in zoophilia, either in fantasy, animal mating, or reality (Nancy Friday, Massen, Masters)
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| * The distinction between zoophilia and zoosadism is highlighted by each of these studies, in whatever terms they use.
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| * Masters (1962), Miletski (1999) and Weinberg (2003) each comment significantly on the social harm caused by these, and other misunderstandings: "This destroy[s] the lives of many citizens".
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| === Religious perspectives===
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| Most organized religions take a critical or sometimes condemnatory view of zoophilia or zoosexuality, with some variation and exceptions.
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| * Passages in [[Leviticus]] 18:23 ("And you shall not lie with any beast and defile yourself with it, neither shall any woman give herself to a beast to lie with it: it is a perversion." RSV) and 20:15-16 ("If a man lies with a beast, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the beast. If a woman approaches any beast and lies with it, you shall kill the woman and the beast; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them." RSV) are cited by [[Judaism|Jewish]], [[Christianity|Christian]], and [[Islam|Muslim]] theologians as categorical denunciation of zoosexuality. Some theologians (especially Christian) extend this, to consider [[lust]]ful thoughts for animal as a sin. Alternatively, many Christians and some non-Orthodox Jews do not regard the full Levitical laws as binding upon them, and may consider them irrelevant.
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| * There are several references in [[Hinduism|Hindu]] scriptures to religious figures engaging in sexual activity with animals (e.g. the god [[Brahma]] lusting after and having sex with a bear, a human-like sage being born to a deer mother), and actual [[Vedic]] rituals involving zoophilia (see [[Ashvamedha]]). However, Hindu doctrine holds that sex should be restricted to married couples, thereby forbidding zoosexual acts. A greater punishment is attached to sexual relations with a sacred cow than with other animals. However, the [[Tantra|Tantric]] sect of Hinduism makes use of ritual sexual practices, which could include sexual contact with animals.
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| * [[Buddhism]] addresses sexual conduct primarily in terms of what brings harm to oneself or to others, and the admonition against sexual misconduct is generally interpreted in modern times to prohibit zoosexual acts, as well as [[pederasty]], [[adultery]], [[rape]], or [[prostitution]]. Zoosexuality (as well as various other sexual activity) is expressly forbidden for Buddhist monks and nuns.
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| * [[Neopaganism|Pagans]] and [[Wicca]]ns are very loosely organized and teachings vary considerably. A common theme is the connectedness of humans with nature, and the principle "If it does no harm, do what thou wilt" is widely accepted. As such, sexual activity with animals - assuming it is not felt to be harmful to either party - is usually condoned.
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| === Animal rights and welfare concerns===
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| One of the primary critiques of zoophilia is the argument that zoosexuality is harmful to animals. Some state this categorically; that any sexual activity is necessarily abuse. Critics also point to examples in which animals were clearly abused, having been tied up, assaulted, or injured. Defenders of zoophilia argue that animal abuse is neither typical of nor commonplace within zoophilia, and that just as sexual activity with humans can be both abusive and not, so can sexual activity with animals.
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| In comment on [[Peter Singer]]'s article "Heavy Petting", which controversially argued that zoosexuality need not be abusive and if so loving relationships could form, Ingrid Newkirk, then president of the [[American]] [[animal rights]] group [[PETA]], added this endorsement: "If a girl gets sexual pleasure from riding a horse, does the horse suffer? If not, who cares? If you [[French kiss]] your dog and he or she thinks it's great, is it wrong? We believe all exploitation and abuse is wrong. If it isn't exploitation and abuse, [then] it may not be wrong."
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| Bornemann (1990, cited by Rosenbauer 1997) coined the separate term ''"zoosadism"'' for those who derive pleasure from inflicting pain on an animal, sometimes with a sexual component. Some extreme examples of zoosadism include [[necrozoophilia]], the sexual enjoyment of killing animals (similar to "[[lust murder]]" in humans), sexual penetration of fowl such as hens (fatal in itself) and strangling at orgasm, mutilation, sexual assault with objects (including screwdrivers and knives), interspecies [[rape]], and [[sexual assault]] on immature animals such as puppies. Some horse-ripping incidents have a sexual connotation (Schedel-Stupperich, 2001). The link between sadistic sexual acts with animals and sadistic practices with humans or lust murders has been heavily researched. Some murderers tortured animals in their childhood and also sexual relations with animals occurred. Ressler et al. (1986) found that 8 of their sample of 36 sexual murderers showed an interest in zoosexual acts.
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| Sexology information sites (if sufficiently detailed) are usually careful to distinguish zoosadism from zoophilia: [http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/SEN/CH20.HTM#b1-PARAPHILIAS Humboldt Berlin University Sexology Dept] [http://www.sex-lexis.com/Sex-Dictionary sex-lexis.com] and [http://www.sexualcounselling.com/Glossary sexualcounselling.com].
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| ===Cultural perspectives===
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| Among the Masai, it was customary for older boys to have sexual relations with she-asses. Young Riffian boys also had sexual liaisons with female asses (Ford and Beach, 1951, pp. 147-148). Among the Tswana of Africa, boys assigned to the care of cattle frequently engaged in zoosexual activity. It was also common in the Gusti tribes and considered rather harmless, but boys were reprimanded and warned against this activity.
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| == Health and safety ==
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| Humans and animals cannot make each other pregnant, but infections due to unclean partners can be an issue for either party. Most diseases are specific to particular species and cannot be sexually transmitted, so humans and animals cannot catch many diseases from zoosexual acts, however a few uncommon but treatable infections such as [[Brucellosis]] can be transferred. The AIDS virus is fragile and only lives in primates (humans, apes and monkeys) and is not believed to survive long in other species. Animals' and humans' bodily fluids are not normally harmful to the other, but allergic reactions occasionally occur (rare).
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| In terms of physical compatibility and injury, many medium/large domesticated species appear to be physically compatible with humans. The main non-deliberate physical risks are of injury, either through ignorance of physical differences, forcefulness, or for female animals, excessive friction or infection. Humans may also be at substantial physical risk and seriously harmed by sexual activity with animals. Larger animals may have the strength and defensive attributes (e.g. hooves, teeth) to injure a human, either in the course of sexual arousal or in rejecting physical or sexual contact. For example, the penis of a sexually aroused dog has a broad bulb at the base which can cause injury if forcibly pulled from a body orifice, equines can thrust suddenly and "flare", and many animals bite as part of sexual excitement and foreplay.
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| == Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality ==
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| Platonic love for animals is usually viewed positively, but most people express concern or disapproval of sexual interest. Criticisms come from a variety of sources, including moral, ethical, psychological, and social arguments. They include:
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| * "Sexual activity between species is unnatural."
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| * "Animals are not sentient, and therefore unable to consent." (similar to arguments against sex with human minors)
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| * "Animals are incapable of relating to or forming relationships with humans."
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| * "Zoosexuality is simply for those unable/unwilling to find human partners."
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| * "Sexual acts with animals by humans constitute physical abuse."
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| * Zoosexuality is "profoundly disturbed behaviour" (cf. the UK [[Home Office]] review on sexual offences, 2002).
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| * "It offends human dignity or is forbidden by religious law."
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| Defenders of zoophilia or zoosexuality counterargue that:
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| * "'Natural' is debatable, and not necessarily relevant."
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| * "Animals are capable of sexual consent - and even initiation - in their own way."
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| * "Animals do form mutual relationships with humans."
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| * "Most zoophiles appear to have human partners and relationships; equally many are simply not attracted to humans sexually."
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| * "It is inaccurate to state that zoosexual activity is inherently harmful/abusive."
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| * "The psychological profession consensus does not consider it intrinsically pathological and has tended on the whole to substantiate rather than rebut zoophiles' claims."
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| * "Perspectives on human dignity and religious viewpoints differ and a large number of people do not consider them important factors."
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| They also assert that some of these arguments rely on double standards, such as expecting informed consent from animals for sexual activity (and not accepting consent given in their own manner), but not for surgical procedures, aesthetic mutilation, castration, experimentation, hazardous activities, euthanasia, and slaughter.
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| People's views appear to depend significantly upon the nature of their interest and nature of exposure to the subject. ''People who have been exposed to zoosadism'', who are unsympathetic to [[Alternative_lifestyles#Sexual_lifestyles|alternate lifestyles]] in general, or who know little about zoophilia, often regard it as an extreme form of [[animal cruelty|animal abuse]], and/or indicative of serious psychosexual issues. ''Mental health professionals and personal acquaintances'' of zoophiles who see their relationships over time tend to be less critical, and sometimes supportive. ''[[Ethology|Ethologists]]'' who study and understand animal behaviour and body language tend to be matter-of-fact about animal sexuality and animal approaches to humans, and their research is generally supportive of some of these claims regarding animal cognition, behaviour, and sexual-relational-emotional issues. Because the majority opinion is condemnatory, individuals may be more accepting privately than they present to the public. Regardless, there is a clear consensus which regards zoophilia with either suspicion or outright opposition.
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| == Mythology and fantasy literature==
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| [[image:Pan.jpg|thumb|left|[[Pan (god)|Pan]] copulating with a goat; marble sculpture from the ancient city of [[Herculaneum]]]]
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| Zoophilia has been a recurring subject in art, literature, and fantasy.
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| In [[Ugarit|Ugaritic]] mythology, the god [[Baal]] is said to have impregnated a [[heifer]] to sire a young bull god. In [[Greek mythology]], [[Zeus]] appeared to [[Leda (mythology)|Leda]] in the form of a [[swan]], and her children [[Helen]] and [[Polydeuces]] resulted from that sexual union. Zeus also seduced [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] in the form of a [[bull]], and carried off the youth [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]] in the form of an eagle. The half-human/half-bull [[Minotaur]] was the offspring of Queen [[Pasiphae]] and a white bull. King [[Peleus]] continued to seduce the nymph [[Thetis]] despite her transforming into (among other forms) a lion, a bird, and a snake. The god [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]], often depicted with goat-like features, has also been frequently associated with animal sex. As with other subjects of [[classical antiquity|classical]] mythology, some of these have been depicted over the centuries since, in western painting and sculpture.
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| [[Image:Moreau, Europa and the Bull.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] and the Bull'' by [[Gustave Moreau]], c. 1869]]
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| Fantasy literature has included a variety of seemingly zoophilic examples, often involving human characters enchanted into animal forms: ''[[Beauty and the Beast]]'' (a young woman falls in love with a physically beast-like man), [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (Queen Titania falls in love with a character transformed into a donkey), ''[[The Book of One Thousand and One Nights]]'' (a princess champions a man enchanted into ape form), the [[Rome|Roman]] [[Lucius Apuleius]]'s ''[[The Golden Ass]]'' (explicit sexuality between a man transformed into a donkey and a woman), and [[Balzac]]'s ''A Passion in the Desert'' (a love affair between a solder and a panther). In more modern times, zoosexuality of a sort has been a theme in science fiction and horror fiction, with the giant ape [[King Kong]] fixating on a human woman, alien monsters groping human females in pulp novels and comics, and depictions of [[tentacle rape]] in Japanese [[manga]] and [[anime]].
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| Modern erotic [[furry]] fantasy art and stories are sometimes associated with zoophilia, but many creators and fans disagree with this, pointing out that the characters are predominantly humanoid fantasy creatures who are thinking, reasoning beings that would be as capable of giving consent as any human. "Furry" characters have been compared to other intelligent and social non-human fictional characters who are subjects of love/sexuality fantasies without being commonly regarded as zoophilic, such as the [[Vulcan (Star Trek)|Vulcans]] and [[Klingon]]s in ''[[Star Trek]]'', or [[elf|elves]] in fantasy fiction.
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| == Pornography ==
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| [[Pornography]] involving sex with animals is widely illegal, even in most countries where the act itself is not explicitly outlawed. In the [[United States]], it is thought to be very likely considered [[obscene]] and therefore it is not openly sold, mailed or imported. In any prosecution, however, pornography involving sex with animals would still be subject to the [[Miller Test]]. (Production and mere possession appear to be legal, however.) However, this law is presently ([[January 20]] [[2005]]) in some doubt, having been ruled [[unconstitutional]] in ''[[Extreme Associates|United States v. Extreme Associates]]'' (note, though, that the case is still in review and may be referred for further appeal). Similar restrictions apply in Germany (cf. §184 StGB [http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184.html]).
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| Curiously, using dead animals in erotic photography (in a sense, the combination of [[necrophilia]] and [[zoophilia]]) doesn't seem to be [[taboo]]. Stuffed animals are sometimes used in glamour erotic photography with models touching their sexual organs with such animals.
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| Materials featuring sex with animals are widely available on the [[Internet]], however, mainly because their production and sale is legal in countries such as the [[Netherlands]] and [[Denmark]]. The promotion of "stars" began with the Danish [[Bodil Joensen]], in the period of 1970-72. Into the [[1980s]] the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] took the lead, creating figures like "Wilma" and the "Dutch Sisters". Today, in [[Hungary]], where production faces no legal limitations, zoosexual materials have become a substantial industry that produces numerous films and magazines, particularly for [[Netherlands|Dutch]] companies, and the [[genre]] has stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]] starring in several films).
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| Pornography of this sort has become the business of certain [[spam (electronic)|spam]]mers and owners of some fake [[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the promise of "extreme" material as an "anchor" for user's attention.
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| == Books, articles and documentaries ==
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| === Academic and professional ===
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| * Andrea Beetz: ''Love, Violence, and Sexuality in Relationships between Humans and Animals'', ISBN 3832200207
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| * Colin J. Williams and Martin S. Weinberg: Zoophilia in Men: a study of sexual interest in animals. - in: Archives of sexual behavior, Vol. 32, No.6, December 2003, pp. 523-535
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| * Hani Miletski: ''Understanding Bestiality and Zoophilia'', 2002, available at [http://www.drmiletski.com/bestiality.html Hani Miletski's Homepage]
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| * Josef Massen: ''Zoophilie - Die sexuelle Liebe zu Tieren (Zoophilia - the sexual love of/for animals)'' (1994), ISBN 3-930387-15-8
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| * R.E.L. Masters: ''Forbidden Sexual Behaviour and Morality, an objective examination of perverse sex practices in different cultures'' (1962), ISBN LIC #62-12196
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| * Roland Grassberg: ''Die Unzucht mit Tieren (Sex with Animals)'' (1968)
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| * Hans Hentig: ''Soziologie der Zoophilen Neigung (Sociology of the Zoophile Preference)'' (1962)
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| * Gunther Hunold: ''Abarten des Sexualverhaltens: Ungewohnliche Ersheinungsformen des Trieblebens (Perverse Sexual Behaviour)'' (1978)
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| * Mandetta and Gustaveson: ''Abortion to Zoophilia: A Sourcebook of Sexual Facts'' (1976), ISBN 0-89055-114-6
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| * Davis and Whitten: ''The Cross-Culture Study of Human Sexuality'' (Annual Review of Anthropology 1987, Volume 16, pp. 69-98), ISSN 00846570
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| * Hani Miletski: ''Bestiality - Zoophilia: An exploratory study'', Diss., The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. - San Francisco, CA, Oktober 1999
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| === Other books ===
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| * Midas Dekkers: ''Dearest Pet: On Bestiality'', ISBN 1859843107
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| * Mark Matthews: ''The Horseman: Obsessions of a Zoophile'', ISBN 0-87975-902-X
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| * Mark Matthews: ''Der Pferde-Mann'', (2.Print 2004), Books on Demand Norderstedt, ISBN 3833408642, Transl. of ''The Horseman''
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| * Marjorie B. Garber: ''Dog Love'', ISBN 0641042728
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| * Brenda Love: ''The Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices'' (1994), ISBN 1569800111
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| * Nancy Friday: ''My Secret Garden'' (ISBN 0671019872), ''Forbidden Flowers'' (ISBN 0671741020), "Women on Top" (ISBN 0671648446), notable for readability, and neutral treatment of a wide scope of women's sexuality including zoophilia.
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| * Raymond A. Belliotti: ''Good Sex; perspectives on sexual ethics'' (1993), ISBN 0700606041 or ISBN 070060605X
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| * Bram Dijkstra: ''Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of Feminine Evil in Fin-De-Siecle Culture'', zoophilic art
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| * Dubois-Dessaule: ''Tude Sur la Bestiality au point de Vue Historique (The Study of Bestiality from the Historical, Medical and Legal Viewpoint)'' (Paris, 1905)
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| * A. Neimoller: ''Bestiality and the Law'', ''Bestiality in Ancient and Modern Times'' (1946)
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| * Marie-Christine Anest: ''Zoophilie, homosexualite, rites de passage et initiation masculine dans la Greece contemporaine'' (Zoophilia, homosexuality, rites of passage and male initiation in contemporary Greece)'' (1994), ISBN 2739421466
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| * Gaston Dubois-Desaulle: ''Bestiality: An Historical, Medical, Legal, and Literary Study'', University Press of the Pacific (November 1, 2003), ISBN 1410209474 (Paperback Ed.)
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| * Robert Hough: ''The Final Confession Of Mabel Stark'' ([http://www.discoverkate.com/movies/mabel-stark/press_2003-04-06_guardian.html Stark] was the worlds premier tiger trainer of the [[1920s]], specializing in highly sexualized circus acts. She wore white to hide the tiger's semen during mating rituals and foreplay which the audience took to be vicious attacks)
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| === Print and online media ===
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| * ''The Joy Of Beasts'' (3 December 2000, Independent on Sunday, UK)
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| * ''Heavy Petting'' (2001, Peter Singer [http://www.nerve.com Nerve.com])
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| * ''Laying with Beasts'' (March 1996, [http://www.guidemag.com The Guide])
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| === Television and radio ===
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| * ''Animal passions'' (part of the Hidden Love series) (1999, follow-up sequel 2004, Channel 4, UK)
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| :: Ofcom [the UK television regulator] reported that: "This was a serious documentary exploring a rare minority sexual orientation. Although the programme gave an opportunity for zoophiles to express their opinions, the effect was neither to sensationalise nor normalise their behaviour."
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| * ''Sexe et confidences'' (April 2002, CBSC Decision C01/02-329, Canada)
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| :: Hour-long sex information program hosted by sexologist Louise-Andrée Saulnier discussing zoosexuality. Covered folklore, academic studies and general information, plus telephone call-in from viewers describing their zoosexual experiences and stories they had heard.
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| * ''Talk Sport Radio'' (December 2002, UK)
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| :: Live talkshow interview with lifelong zoophile, followed by call-in discussion.
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| * ''Animal Love'' (1995, Ulrich Seidl, Austria)
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| == Related articles ==
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| * [[Sexology]]
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| * [[Paraphilia]]
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| * [[Homosexuality in animals]] (also covers interspecies sex in animals)
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| * [[Cruelty to animals]]
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| * [[Alfred Kinsey]]
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| * [[Philip Buble]] case
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| * [[Causes of sexual orientation]]
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| * [[Environment, choice, and sexual orientation]]
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| == External links ==
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| === Websites supportive of zoophilia ===
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| * [http://www.zooskool.com/ ZooSkool] ZooSkool, a website dedicated to educating people in all aspects of zoophilia.
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| * [http://www.zoophilia.net Zoophilia.net] (Surveys on zoophilia in society, includes anecdotal and 3rd party verified research plus subjective information)
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| * [http://www.zoophile.net/zoophilia.php Zoophile.net - Zoophilia resources]
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| * [http://www.cotse.net/users/hippo/uzp/ UZP], the Ultimate Zoo Page
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| * [http://www.purehumanimal.com/ PURE] (People United to Reunite Eden)
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| * [http://www.angelfire.com/retro/auto_tiger/silverwolf/ Poems and Stories] by "Silverwolf" describing his relationship with his dogs
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| === Websites against zoophilia ===
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| * [http://www.hsus2.org/sheltering/magazine/currentissue/jul_aug99/frontlines_strike.html/ Humane Society of the US viewpoint]
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| === Other ===
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| * [http://www.pet-abuse.com/database/search.php?type_id=10 Pet-Abuse.Com Database] ''Bestiality and sexual assault cases from the US and UK''
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| * Animal rights site, Germany: [http://verschwiegenes-tierleid-online.de/ German] [http://babelfish.altavista.com/babelfish/trurl_pagecontent?url=http%3A%2F%2Fverschwiegenes-tierleid-online.de%2F&lp=de_en English translation]
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| * [http://www.pet-abuse.com/cases/854/ME/US/1 Philip Buble case]
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| * [http://pet-abuse.com/cases/2206/FL/US/1 State vs. Mitchel]
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| * [http://www.zoophilia.net/secretlife.php Miletski's description of meeting with zoophiles for her research, and attitudes described]
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| * [http://www.deviantdesires.com/dcforum/DCForumID1/3.html ''deviantdesires'' discussion of zoophilia and issues arising]
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| * [http://www.sex-lexis.com/Sex-Dictionary/zoophilia ''sex-lexis'' reference section on zoophilia and related topics]
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| === Art ===
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| * [http://www.venusberg.de/20_animals/animals.htm A series of lithographs from the early 20th century featuring sex with animals]
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| * [http://home.wanadoo.nl/mh/museum/museum02.htm Museum of bestial art]
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| [[Category:Paraphilia]]
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| [[Category:Sexual orientation and identity]]
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| <!-- The below are interlanguage links. -->
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| [[bg:Зоофилия]]
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| [[da:zoofili]]
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| [[de:Zoophilie]]
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| [[fr:Zoophilie]]
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| [[nl:Zoöfilie]]
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| [[pl:Zoofilia]]
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| [[sv:Zoofili]]
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| [[ja:獣姦]]
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| [[zh:動物戀]]
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