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| The '''timeline of zoophilia''' covers the history of [[Zoophilia|zoophilia and bestiality]] among humans and non-human animals.
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| | | [[File:Averageuser.png|thumb|1024x1024px|ur all niggers!!!]] |
| ==Before the Common Era==
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| ===23rd millennium BCE===
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| ====230th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 22,995 BCE''' – A bone rod is engraves in a cave in [[Abri de la Madeleine]], [[France]], depicting a [[lioness]] licking the opening of either a gigantic [[human penis]] or a [[Human vulva|vulva]].<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals">{{cite book |editor-last=Podberscek |editor-first=Anthony |editor2-last=Beetz |editor2-first=Andrea |title=Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals |date=2005 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-GbOvrbniQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1557534128}}</ref>
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| ===2nd millennium BCE===
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| ====18th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 1,750 BCE''' – The [[Code of Hammurabi]] is written and in the code, [[List of kings of Babylon#Babylonian Empire .28Middle Bronze Age.29|King]] [[Hammurabi]] of the [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Paleo-Babylonian Empire]] proclaims capital punishment for anyone engaging in bestiality.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
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| ====15th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 1,406 BCE''' – The [[Book of Deuteronomy]] is written during this period and within the text it states the:
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| {{quote|text="Cursed be anyone who lies with any animal." All the people shall say, "Amen!"<ref>{{Bibleverse||Deuteronomy|27:21|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Deuteronomy]], Chapter 27, Verses 21}}
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| ====13th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 1,300 BCE''' – '''c. 1,201 BCE''' – The [[Hittite laws]] are written for the [[Hittite Empire]], which punished male bestiality with a [[pig]], a [[dog]], or a [[cow]] with capital punishment, while male bestiality with a [[horse]] or a [[mule]] only prohibited the man from approaching the king or becoming a priest.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" /><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Ascione |editor-first=Frank |title=The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application |date=2008 |pages=205 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G_MwT9OHj4AC&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1557535655}}</ref>
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| ===1st millennium BCE===
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| ====7th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 700 BCE''' – '''c. 601 BCE''' – A [[cave painting]] is painted in [[Val Camonica]], [[Italy]] depicting a man inserting his penis into the [[vagina]] or [[anus]] of a [[donkey]].<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
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| ====7th century BCE – 5th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 700 BCE''' – '''c. 401 BCE''' – The [[Book of Leviticus]] is written during this period and within the text it states the following:
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| {{quote|text="You shall not have sexual relations with any animal and defile yourself with it, nor shall any woman give herself to an animal to have sexual relations with it: it is perversion. Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, for by all these practices the nations I am casting out before you have defiled themselves."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Leviticus|18:23-18:24|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Leviticus]], Chapter 18, Verses 23-24}}
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| {{quote|text="If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and has sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Leviticus|20:15-20:16|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Leviticus]], Chapter 20, Verses 15-16}}
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| ====6th century BCE – 4th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 600 BCE''' – '''c. 301 BCE''' – The [[Book of Exodus]] is written during this period and within the text it states that:
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| {{quote|text="Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Exodus|22:19|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Exodus]], Chapter 22, Verse 19}}
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| ====5th century BCE====
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| * '''c. 486 BCE''' – [[List of monarchs of Persia#Achaemenid dynasty .28550.E2.80.93330 BC.29|King]] [[Darius I]] adopts the [[Holiness Code]] of the Book of Leviticus for [[Persian Jews]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]], enacting capital punishment for bestiality.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Dynes |editor-first=Wayne |title=Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Volume 2 |date=1990 |pages=1418 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g7TOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT668&lpg=PT668&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=9781317368113}}</ref>
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| * '''c. 440 BCE''' – In ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'', [[Herodotus]] wrote that:
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| {{quote|text="In my lifetime a strange thing occurred in [[Mendes|this district]]: a he-goat had intercourse openly with a woman."<ref>{{cite book |title=Histories |chapter=2 |script-chapter=46 |trans-chapter=4 |url= http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D46%3Asection%3D4 |isbn=0674991303}}</ref>|source=[[Herodotus]], ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'', Book 2, Chapter 46, Section 4}}
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| ====1st century BCE====
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| * '''c. 27 BCE''' – At the beginning of the [[Roman Empire]], legal retribution for bestiality was required only for [[sodomy]], under which bestiality was included.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
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| ==Common Era==
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| ===1st millennium===
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| ====8th century====
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| * '''726''' – [[List of Byzantine emperors|Emperor]] [[Leo III the Isaurian]] issues ''[[Byzantine law#Ecloga|Ecloga]]'' (17.39) for the [[Byzantine Empire]], which makes male bestiality punishable by the removal of the penis.<ref>[http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2016/2016-12-47.html M. T. G. Humphreys, ''Law, Power, and Imperial Ideology in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680-850'']. Oxford Studies in Byzantium. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xxiv, 312. ISBN 9780198701576.</ref>
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| ===2nd millennium===
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| ====13th century====
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| * '''c. 1,250 – 1,281''' – The [[Västgötalagen|Younger Westrogothic law]] (Urbotamål 3. DL) of the [[History of Sweden (800–1521)#13th century|Kingdom of Sweden]], in the province of [[West Gothland]], enacts a ban on male bestiality and those convicted are expiated by [[pilgrimage]] to [[Rome]] as [[penance]], along with payment of a fine consisting of three times nine marks.<ref>It is rare that the primary punishment for bestiality is [[pecuniary]]; the crime usually led to capital punishment.</ref><ref name="A Punishment for Each Criminal: Gender and Crime in Swedish Medieval Law" />
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| ====13th century – 14th century====
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| * '''c. 1,250 – 1,350''' – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the provinces of [[Dalarna]], [[Uppland]], [[Västmanland]] enacts capital punishment for those convicted for male bestiality were buried alive for both the perpetrator and the animal, while the province of [[Södermanland]] in the Kingdom of Sweden stipulates the male perpetrator could be either buried alive or burned at the stake.<ref>In the Södermanland law, capital punishment is unconditional.</ref><ref name="A Punishment for Each Criminal: Gender and Crime in Swedish Medieval Law">{{cite book |author-last=Ekholst |author-first=Christine |title=A Punishment for Each Criminal: Gender and Crime in Swedish Medieval Law |date=2014 |pages=187–188 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zYaOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA186#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=9789004271623}}</ref>
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| ====14th century====
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| * '''1,350''' – In the [[History of Sweden (800–1521)#Union between Sweden and Norway|Kingdom of Sweden]], the [[Magnus Erikssons landslag|Country Law of Magnus Eriksson]] was enacted, replacing all provisional laws in the country with a national law (excluding cities). The law lacked canonical code, so the Church code of the Uppland provisional law was used alongside the Country Law of Magnus Eriksson, making male bestiality a capital punishment in the Kingdom of Sweden, excluding cities.<ref name="Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950">{{cite book |author-last=Rydström |author-first=Jens |title=Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950 |date=2003 |pages=34 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JdBYeG_ZbIgC&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0226732576}}</ref>
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| ====15th century====
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| * '''1,442''' – In the [[Kalmar Union|Kingdom of Sweden]], the [[Kristofers landslag|Country Law of Christopher]] (Code on High Treason) was enacted, making male bestiality a capital punishment by either being buried alive with the animal or buried.<ref name="Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950" />
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| ====16th century====
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| * '''c. 1501''' – '''1511''' – The [[Holy Roman Empire]] makes bestiality a capital punishment with a penalty of burning.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Ben-Atar |author-first=Doron |author2-last=Brown |author2-first=Richard |title=Taming Lust: Crimes Against Nature in the Early Republic |date=2014 |pages=17 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0PfSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0812245814}}</ref>
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| * '''1532''' – The [[Constitutio Criminalis Carolina]] makes bestiality a capital punishment in the Holy Roman Empire with a penalty of burning.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Fone |author-first=Byrne |title=Homophobia: A History |date=2000 |pages=213 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_nAQGxI_IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0312420307}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Rampone Jr. |author-first=W. |title=Sexuality in the Age of Shakespeare |date=2011 |pages=22 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dUyxnm_X14IC&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0313343756}}</ref><ref name="Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950" />
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| * '''1533''' – [[Buggery Act 1533|An Acte for the punishment of the vice of Buggerie]] is enacted in the [[Kingdom of England]], making bestiality a capital punishment and lose of possessions could be confiscated by the government.<ref>[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/the_buggery_act.htm THE BUGGERY ACT (1533)]</ref>
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| ====17th century====
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| * '''1683''' – The Sixth Book of Danish Law of 1683 makes bestiality in [[Denmark-Norway|Kingdom of Denmark]] a capital punishment with a penalty of burning.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" /><ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999">{{cite book |editor-last=Rydström |editor-first=Jens |editor2-last=Mustola |editor2-first=Kati |title=Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999 |date=2007 |pages= |url= https://www.scribd.com/document/277795872/Criminally-Queer-Homosexuality-and-Criminal-Law-in-Scandinavia-1842-1999 |isbn=905260245X}}</ref>
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| *'''1687''' – The [[Norwegian Code]] (Book 6, chapter 13, section 15) makes bestiality in [[Denmark-Norway|Kingdom of Norway]] a capital punishment with a penalty of burning.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| ====18th century====
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| * '''1711''' – Kingdom of Denmark makes those convicted of bestiality should be strangled as well as burned.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
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| * '''23 January 1736''' – In the [[Age of Liberty#Age of Liberty|Kingdom of Sweden]], the [[Civil Code of 1734]] was enacted, making both male and female bestiality a capital punishment.<ref name="Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950" />
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| [[File:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).jpg|thumb|Thomas Jefferson believed bestiality should be legal because "it can never make any progressive".<ref name="Male-Male Intimacy in Early America: Beyond Romantic Friendships">{{cite book |author-last=Benemann |author-first=William |title=Male-Male Intimacy in Early America: Beyond Romantic Friendshipsy |date=2006 |pages=133 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Isi3AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1560233451}}</ref>]] | |
| * '''1779''' – [[Thomas Jefferson]] wrote a law in [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] which contained a punishment of castration for those who engage in bestiality. However, what was intended by Jefferson's law was a liberalization of the sodomy laws in Virginia at that time, which continued to prescribe capital punishment by hanging as the maximum penalty for the crime of bestiality in the commonwealth. Jefferson's law was rejected by the Virginia Legislature.<ref name="Male-Male Intimacy in Early America: Beyond Romantic Friendships" /><ref>{{cite web|author=Patricia S. Ticer, State Senator (D-30) in the |url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/usa/virginia/virginia.htm |title=Virginia |publisher=Glapn.org |date= |accessdate=August 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendVIIIs10.html |title=Amendment VIII: Thomas Jefferson, A Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments |publisher=Press-pubs.uchicago.edu |date= |accessdate=March 11, 2014}}</ref>
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| ====19th century====
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| * '''1829''' – The Offences Against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829 is enacted in the county of Ireland within the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], making bestiality a capital punishment.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Johnson |author-first=Paul |author2-last=Vanderbeck |author2-first=Robert |title=Law, Religion and Homosexuality |date=2014 |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7QyLAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0415832683}}</ref>
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| *'''1 January 1835''' – The [[Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire|Digest of Laws of the]] [[Russian Empire]] (excluding the [[Duchy of Finland]]) criminalizes bestiality.<ref name="The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-siècle Russia">{{cite book |author-last=Engelstein |author-first=Laura |title=The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-siècle Russia |date=1992 |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sal0Ez_Q-pYC&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0801499585}}</ref>
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| * '''1838''' – Iceland adopts the Sixth Book of Danish Law of 1683 makes bestiality a capital punishment with a penalty of burning, along with strangling.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''20 August 1848''' – The Norwegian Penal Code of 1848 (Chapter 18, section 21) in [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Kingdom of Norway]] reduces the punishment for engaging in bestiality from capital punishment to a sentence of hard labor of the fifth degree.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''14 April 1851''' – The Prussian Penal Code (Paragraph 143) in the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] makes bestiality punishable with imprisonment of six months to four years, with the further punishment of a prompt loss of civil rights.<ref>{{cite book |author-last= Carr |author-first= Jamie |title=Queer Times: Christopher Isherwood's Modernity |date=2006 |pages=157 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5afcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0415978416}}</ref><ref>[http://www.well.com/~aquarius/benkert-143.htm Karl Maria Kertbeny (aka Karl Maria Benkert) ]</ref>
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| *'''1 November 1861''' – The countries of [[England]], [[Ireland]], and [[Wales]] in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland adopts the [[Offences against the Person Act 1861]], reducing the penalty of bestiality from capital punishment to life imprisonment.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/24-25/100/contents/enacted Offences Against the Person Act 1861]</ref>
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| * '''1864''' – In the [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Kingdom of Sweden]], the Penal Code of 1864 (Chapter 10, section 10) was enacted, reducing the penalty for bestiality with a punishment of two years hard labor.<ref name="Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950" />
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| *'''1866''' – The Penal Code of 1866 in the [[Kingdom of Denmark]] reduces the penalty for the crime of male bestiality from capital punishment to a sentence of eight months to six years hard labor, which is further reduced with one third penalty was served in solitude.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''1869''' – The Penal Code of 1869 (Section 178) in Iceland makes male bestiality punishable with hard labor.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''1 January 1871''' – The Criminal Code ([[Paragraph 175|§175 StGB]]) of the [[North German Confederation]] takes effect, making bestiality punishable with imprisonment, with the further punishment of a prompt loss of civil rights.<ref name="Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement">{{cite book |author-last=Wackerfuss |author-first=Andrew |title=Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement |date=2015 |pages=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-4dDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR23#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1939594057}}</ref>
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| *'''1 January 1872''' – The [[Strafgesetzbuch|Imperial Criminal Law]] (§175 StGB) takes effect in the [[German Empire]], making bestiality punishable with imprisonment, with the further punishment of a prompt loss of civil rights.<ref name="Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement" />
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| *'''1894''' – The Penal Code of the Grand Duchy of Finland (Chapter 20, section 12) reduced the penalty of bestiality from capital punishment to at least two years imprisonment. It also criminalized attempting bestiality with a penalty of at least two years imprisonment.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| ====20th century====
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| *'''1903''' – The Russian Empire legalizes bestiality.<ref name="The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-siècle Russia">{{cite book |author-last=Engelstein |author-first=Laura |title=The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-siècle Russia |date=1992 |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sal0Ez_Q-pYC&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0801499585}}</ref>
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| *'''1905''' – The Norwegian Penal Code of 1902 (Section 213) makes bestiality in the [[Kingdom of Norway]] punishable by imprisonment up to one year, however prosecutions would only apply when public interest demands.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''1 January 1933''' – The Kingdom of Denmark legalizes male bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''1935''' – The Criminal Code of the [[Nazi Germany|German Empire]] is moves the prohibition on bestiality to §175b StGB, along with making it a crime punishable by five years in prison.<ref name="Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation">[http://www.tierimrecht.org/documents/1361/Zoophilia_an_Unrecognized_Problem_in_Animal_Welfare_Legislation.pdf Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation ]</ref>
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| * '''1 December 1939''' – The [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] is created.
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| * '''12 March 1940''' – The [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] is annexed into the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]].
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| * '''22 March 1940''' – The [[Hanko Naval Base]] is created.
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| *'''12 August 1940''' – The [[Kingdom of Iceland]] legalizes male bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''25 June 1941''' – '''4 June 1944''' – The Republic of Finland annexes parts of [[Gulf of Finland]] islands, [[Hanko Naval Base]], parts of [[Karelia]], [[Rybachy Peninsula]], and [[Salla|Old Salla]]. The [[Porkkala Naval Base]] is created.
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| * '''15 July 1941''' – The [[Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia]] is created.
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| *'''4 June''' – '''19 September 1944''' – The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic annexes parts of [[Karelian Isthmus]].
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| *'''1 July 1944''' – The [[Kingdom of Sweden]] legalizes bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" /><ref>[http://www.equaldex.com/region/sweden LGBT Rights in Sweden]</ref>
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| *'''19 September 1944''' – The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic annexes parts of [[Gulf of Finland]] islands, parts of [[Karelia]], [[Petsamo Province|Petsamo]], and [[Salla|Old Salla]]. The [[Porkkala Naval Base]] is created.
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| *'''7 October 1949''' – The [[German Democratic Republic]] is created and legalizes bestiality in its territory.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
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| *'''26 January 1956''' – Porkkala Naval Base is returned to the Republic of Finland from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic.
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| *'''25 June 1968''' – The [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] and [[West Berlin]] legalizes bestiality.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" /><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Tamagne |author-first=Florence |title=A History of Homosexuality in Europe, Vol. I & II: Berlin, London ..., Volume 1 |date=2006 |pages=400 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PW1GjP0_6Y4C&pg=PA400#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=0875862527}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/berlin_S.pdf|title=glbtq >> social sciences >> Berlin|work=glbtq.com}}</ref>
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| *'''15 January 1971''' – The [[Republic of Finland]] legalizes bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| *'''21 April 1972''' – The Kingdom of Norway legalizes bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
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| ===3rd millennium===
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| ====21st century====
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| * '''1 May 2004''' – The [[Sexual Offences Act 2003]] is enacted in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]], reducing the penalty of bestiality from life imprisonment in the countries of England, Northern Ireland, and Wales to a penalty of a maximum of two years in prison for conviction on indictment or a maximum of six months in prison and a fine for summary conviction.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/contents/enacted Sexual Offences Act 2003]</ref>
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| * '''26 January 2009''' – The [[Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]] ([[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008|Section 63]]) makes zoophile porn illegal in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland, with a maximum of twelve months imprisonment in England or six months imprisonment in North Ireland, a fine, or both on summary conviction or a maximum of two years imprisonment, a fine, or both on conviction on indictment.<ref name="Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008">[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/4/contents/enacted Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]</ref>
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| * '''2009''' – Zoophiles Commitment for Tolerance and Awareness, later called the Zoophiles for Ethical Treatment of Animals (ZETA), a zoophile rights organization, is created in [[Germany]].<ref>[https://www.zeta-verein.de/en/zoophilia/zeta-principles/ ZETA Principles]</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| *[[History of zoophilia]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|30em}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Zoophilia}}
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| [[Category:Zoophilia]]
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