Timeline of zoophilia: Difference between revisions

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==Before the Common Era==
==Before the Common Era==
 
===23rd millennium BCE===
===Prehistory===
====230th century BCE====
 
====Upper Paleolithic====
 
=====23rd millennium BCE=====
 
======230th century BCE======
* '''c. 22,995 BCE''' &nbsp;– A bone rod is engraves in a cave in [[Abri de la Madeleine]], [[France]], depicting a [[lioness]] licking the opening of either a gigantic [[human penis]] or a [[Human vulva|vulva]].<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals">{{cite book |editor-last=Podberscek |editor-first=Anthony |editor2-last=Beetz |editor2-first=Andrea |title=Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals |date=2005 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-GbOvrbniQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1557534128}}</ref>
* '''c. 22,995 BCE''' &nbsp;– A bone rod is engraves in a cave in [[Abri de la Madeleine]], [[France]], depicting a [[lioness]] licking the opening of either a gigantic [[human penis]] or a [[Human vulva|vulva]].<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals">{{cite book |editor-last=Podberscek |editor-first=Anthony |editor2-last=Beetz |editor2-first=Andrea |title=Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals |date=2005 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-GbOvrbniQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1557534128}}</ref>


===Ancient history===
===2nd millennium BCE===
 
====18th century  BCE====
====Bronze Age====
 
=====2nd millennium BCE=====
 
======18th century  BCE======


* '''c. 1,750 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Code of Hammurabi]] is written and in the code, [[List of kings of Babylon#Babylonian Empire .28Middle Bronze Age.29|King]] [[Hammurabi]] of the [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Paleo-Babylonian Empire]] proclaims capital punishment for anyone engaging in bestiality.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
* '''c. 1,750 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Code of Hammurabi]] is written and in the code, [[List of kings of Babylon#Babylonian Empire .28Middle Bronze Age.29|King]] [[Hammurabi]] of the [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Paleo-Babylonian Empire]] proclaims capital punishment for anyone engaging in bestiality.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />


======15th century BCE======
====15th century BCE====


* '''c. 1,406 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Book of Deuteronomy]] is written during this period and within the text it states the:
* '''c. 1,406 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Book of Deuteronomy]] is written during this period and within the text it states the:
Line 28: Line 17:
{{quote|text="Cursed be anyone who lies with any animal." All the people shall say, "Amen!"<ref>{{Bibleverse||Deuteronomy|27:21|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Deuteronomy]], Chapter 27, Verses 21}}
{{quote|text="Cursed be anyone who lies with any animal." All the people shall say, "Amen!"<ref>{{Bibleverse||Deuteronomy|27:21|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Deuteronomy]], Chapter 27, Verses 21}}


======13th century BCE======
====13th century BCE====
* '''c. 1,300 BCE''' &nbsp;– '''c. 1,201 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Hittite laws]] are written for the [[Hittite Empire]], which punished male bestiality with a [[pig]], a [[dog]], or a [[cow]] with capital punishment, while male bestiality with a [[horse]] or a [[mule]] only prohibited the man from approaching the king or becoming a priest.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" /><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Ascione |editor-first=Frank |title=The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application |date=2008 |pages=205 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G_MwT9OHj4AC&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1557535655}}</ref>
* '''c. 1,300 BCE''' &nbsp;– '''c. 1,201 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Hittite laws]] are written for the [[Hittite Empire]], which punished male bestiality with a [[pig]], a [[dog]], or a [[cow]] with capital punishment, while male bestiality with a [[horse]] or a [[mule]] only prohibited the man from approaching the king or becoming a priest.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" /><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Ascione |editor-first=Frank |title=The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application |date=2008 |pages=205 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G_MwT9OHj4AC&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=1557535655}}</ref>


====Classical antiquity====
===1st millennium BCE===
 
====7th century BCE====
=====1st millennium BCE=====
 
======7th century BCE======


* '''c. 700 BCE'''  &nbsp;– '''c. 601 BCE''' &nbsp;– A [[cave painting]] is painted in [[Val Camonica]], [[Italy]] depicting a man inserting his penis into the [[vagina]] or [[anus]] of a [[donkey]].<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
* '''c. 700 BCE'''  &nbsp;– '''c. 601 BCE''' &nbsp;– A [[cave painting]] is painted in [[Val Camonica]], [[Italy]] depicting a man inserting his penis into the [[vagina]] or [[anus]] of a [[donkey]].<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />


======7th century BCE &nbsp;– 5th century BCE======
====7th century BCE &nbsp;– 5th century BCE====


* '''c. 700 BCE''' &nbsp;– '''c. 401 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Book of Leviticus]] is written during this period and within the text it states the following:
* '''c. 700 BCE''' &nbsp;– '''c. 401 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Book of Leviticus]] is written during this period and within the text it states the following:
Line 47: Line 33:
{{quote|text="If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and has sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Leviticus|20:15-20:16|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Leviticus]], Chapter 20, Verses 15-16}}
{{quote|text="If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and has sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Leviticus|20:15-20:16|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Leviticus]], Chapter 20, Verses 15-16}}


======6th century BCE &nbsp;– 4th century BCE======
====6th century BCE &nbsp;– 4th century BCE====


* '''c. 600 BCE''' &nbsp;– '''c. 301 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Book of Exodus]] is written during this period and within the text it states that:
* '''c. 600 BCE''' &nbsp;– '''c. 301 BCE''' &nbsp;– The [[Book of Exodus]] is written during this period and within the text it states that:
Line 53: Line 39:
{{quote|text="Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Exodus|22:19|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Exodus]], Chapter 22, Verse 19}}
{{quote|text="Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death."<ref>{{Bibleverse||Exodus|22:19|NRSV}}</ref>|source=[[Torah]] / [[Bible]], [[Book of Exodus]], Chapter 22, Verse 19}}


======5th century BCE======
====5th century BCE====


* '''c. 486 BCE''' &nbsp;– [[List of monarchs of Persia#Achaemenid dynasty .28550.E2.80.93330 BC.29|King]] [[Darius I]] adopts the [[Holiness Code]] of the Book of Leviticus for [[Persian Jews]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]], enacting capital punishment for bestiality.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Dynes |editor-first=Wayne |title=Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Volume 2 |date=1990 |pages=1418 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g7TOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT668&lpg=PT668&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=9781317368113}}</ref>
* '''c. 486 BCE''' &nbsp;– [[List of monarchs of Persia#Achaemenid dynasty .28550.E2.80.93330 BC.29|King]] [[Darius I]] adopts the [[Holiness Code]] of the Book of Leviticus for [[Persian Jews]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]], enacting capital punishment for bestiality.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Dynes |editor-first=Wayne |title=Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Volume 2 |date=1990 |pages=1418 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g7TOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT668&lpg=PT668&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn=9781317368113}}</ref>
Line 60: Line 46:
{{quote|text="In my lifetime a strange thing occurred in [[Mendes|this district]]: a he-goat had intercourse openly with a woman."<ref>{{cite book |title=Histories |chapter=2 |script-chapter=46 |trans-chapter=4 |url= http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D46%3Asection%3D4 |isbn=0674991303}}</ref>|source=[[Herodotus]], ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'', Book 2, Chapter 46, Section 4}}
{{quote|text="In my lifetime a strange thing occurred in [[Mendes|this district]]: a he-goat had intercourse openly with a woman."<ref>{{cite book |title=Histories |chapter=2 |script-chapter=46 |trans-chapter=4 |url= http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D46%3Asection%3D4 |isbn=0674991303}}</ref>|source=[[Herodotus]], ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'', Book 2, Chapter 46, Section 4}}


======1st century BCE======
====1st century BCE====


* '''c. 27 BCE''' &nbsp;– At the beginning of the [[Roman Empire]], legal retribution for bestiality was required only for [[sodomy]], under which bestiality was included.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />
* '''c. 27 BCE''' &nbsp;– At the beginning of the [[Roman Empire]], legal retribution for bestiality was required only for [[sodomy]], under which bestiality was included.<ref name="Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals" />

Revision as of 13:54, 22 January 2017

The timeline of zoophilia covers the history of zoophilia and bestiality among humans and non-human animals.

Before the Common Era

23rd millennium BCE

230th century BCE

2nd millennium BCE

18th century BCE

15th century BCE

  • c. 1,406 BCE  – The Book of Deuteronomy is written during this period and within the text it states the:

"Cursed be anyone who lies with any animal." All the people shall say, "Amen!"[2]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 27, Verses 21

13th century BCE

  • c. 1,300 BCE  – c. 1,201 BCE  – The Hittite laws are written for the Hittite Empire, which punished male bestiality with a pig, a dog, or a cow with capital punishment, while male bestiality with a horse or a mule only prohibited the man from approaching the king or becoming a priest.[1][3]

1st millennium BCE

7th century BCE

7th century BCE  – 5th century BCE

  • c. 700 BCE  – c. 401 BCE  – The Book of Leviticus is written during this period and within the text it states the following:

"You shall not have sexual relations with any animal and defile yourself with it, nor shall any woman give herself to an animal to have sexual relations with it: it is perversion. Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, for by all these practices the nations I am casting out before you have defiled themselves."[4]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Leviticus, Chapter 18, Verses 23-24

"If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and has sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them."[5]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Leviticus, Chapter 20, Verses 15-16

6th century BCE  – 4th century BCE

  • c. 600 BCE  – c. 301 BCE  – The Book of Exodus is written during this period and within the text it states that:

"Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death."[6]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Exodus, Chapter 22, Verse 19

5th century BCE

"In my lifetime a strange thing occurred in this district: a he-goat had intercourse openly with a woman."[8]

— Herodotus, Histories, Book 2, Chapter 46, Section 4

1st century BCE

  • c. 27 BCE  – At the beginning of the Roman Empire, legal retribution for bestiality was required only for sodomy, under which bestiality was included.[1]

Common Era

1st millennium

8th century

2nd millennium

13th century

13th century  – 14th century

  • c. 1,250  – 1,350  – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the provinces of Dalarna, Uppland, Västmanland enacts capital punishment for those convicted for bestiality were buried alive for both the perpetrator and the animal, while the province of Södermanland in the Kingdom of Sweden stipulates the perpetrator could be either buried alive or burned at the stake.[12][11]

14th century

  • 1,350  – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the Country Law of Magnus Eriksson was enacted, replacing all provisional laws in the country with a national law (excluding cities). The law lacked canonical code, so the Church code of the Uppland provisional law was used alongside the Country Law of Magnus Eriksson, making male bestiality a capital punishment in the Kingdom of Sweden, excluding cities.[13]

16th century

17th century

  • 1683  – Denmark–Norway makes bestiality a capital punishment with a penalty of burning.[1]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Podberscek, Anthony; Beetz, Andrea, eds. (2005). Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals. ISBN 1557534128.
  2. ↑ Deuteronomy 27:21
  3. ↑ Ascione, Frank, ed. (2008). The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application. p. 205. ISBN 1557535655.
  4. ↑ Leviticus 18:23–18:24
  5. ↑ Leviticus 20:15–20:16
  6. ↑ Exodus 22:19
  7. ↑ Dynes, Wayne, ed. (1990). Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Volume 2. p. 1418. ISBN 9781317368113.
  8. ↑ "2" 46 [4]. Histories. ISBN 0674991303. {{cite book}}: Invalid |script-chapter=: missing prefix (help)
  9. ↑ M. T. G. Humphreys, Law, Power, and Imperial Ideology in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680-850. Oxford Studies in Byzantium. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xxiv, 312. ISBN 9780198701576.
  10. ↑ It is rare that the primary punishment for bestiality is pecuniary; the crime usually led to capital punishment.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ekholst, Christine (2014). A Punishment for Each Criminal: Gender and Crime in Swedish Medieval Law. pp. 187–188. ISBN 9789004271623.
  12. ↑ In the Södermanland law, capital punishment is unconditional.
  13. ↑ Rydström, Jens (2003). Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950. p. 34. ISBN 0226732576.
  14. ↑ Ben-Atar, Doron; Brown, Richard (2014). Taming Lust: Crimes Against Nature in the Early Republic. p. 17. ISBN 0812245814.
  15. ↑ Fone, Byrne (2000). Homophobia: A History. p. 213. ISBN 0312420307.
  16. ↑ Rampone Jr., W. (2011). Sexuality in the Age of Shakespeare. p. 22. ISBN 0313343756.
  17. ↑ THE BUGGERY ACT (1533)
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