Timeline of zoophilia: Difference between revisions

From Zoophilia Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
meta>AHC300
meta>AHC300
Line 98: Line 98:
*'''1905''' &nbsp;– The Norwegian Penal Code of 1902 (Section 213) makes bestiality in the [[Kingdom of Norway]] punishable by imprisonment up to one year, however prosecutions would only apply when public interest demands.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
*'''1905''' &nbsp;– The Norwegian Penal Code of 1902 (Section 213) makes bestiality in the [[Kingdom of Norway]] punishable by imprisonment up to one year, however prosecutions would only apply when public interest demands.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
*'''1 January 1933''' &nbsp;– The Kingdom of Denmark legalizes male bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
*'''1 January 1933''' &nbsp;– The Kingdom of Denmark legalizes male bestiality.<ref name="Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999" />
*'''1935''' &nbsp;– The Criminal Code of the [[Nazi Germany|German Empire]] is moves the prohibition on bestiality to §175b RStGB, along with making it a crime punishable by five years in prison.<ref name="Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation">[http://www.tierimrecht.org/documents/1361/Zoophilia_an_Unrecognized_Problem_in_Animal_Welfare_Legislation.pdf Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation ]</ref>
*'''1935''' &nbsp;– The Criminal Code of the [[Nazi Germany|German Empire]] is moves the prohibition on bestiality to §175b StGB, along with making it a crime punishable by five years in prison.<ref name="Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation">[http://www.tierimrecht.org/documents/1361/Zoophilia_an_Unrecognized_Problem_in_Animal_Welfare_Legislation.pdf Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation ]</ref>
* '''1 December 1939''' &nbsp;– The [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] is created.
* '''1 December 1939''' &nbsp;– The [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] is created.
* '''12 March 1940''' &nbsp;– The [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] is annexed into the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]].
* '''12 March 1940''' &nbsp;– The [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] is annexed into the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]].

Revision as of 07:21, 23 January 2017

The timeline of zoophilia covers the history of zoophilia and bestiality among humans and non-human animals.

Before the Common Era

23rd millennium BCE

230th century BCE

2nd millennium BCE

18th century BCE

15th century BCE

  • c. 1,406 BCE  – The Book of Deuteronomy is written during this period and within the text it states the:

"Cursed be anyone who lies with any animal." All the people shall say, "Amen!"[2]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 27, Verses 21

13th century BCE

  • c. 1,300 BCE  – c. 1,201 BCE  – The Hittite laws are written for the Hittite Empire, which punished male bestiality with a pig, a dog, or a cow with capital punishment, while male bestiality with a horse or a mule only prohibited the man from approaching the king or becoming a priest.[1][3]

1st millennium BCE

7th century BCE

7th century BCE  – 5th century BCE

  • c. 700 BCE  – c. 401 BCE  – The Book of Leviticus is written during this period and within the text it states the following:

"You shall not have sexual relations with any animal and defile yourself with it, nor shall any woman give herself to an animal to have sexual relations with it: it is perversion. Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, for by all these practices the nations I am casting out before you have defiled themselves."[4]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Leviticus, Chapter 18, Verses 23-24

"If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and has sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them."[5]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Leviticus, Chapter 20, Verses 15-16

6th century BCE  – 4th century BCE

  • c. 600 BCE  – c. 301 BCE  – The Book of Exodus is written during this period and within the text it states that:

"Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death."[6]

— Torah / Bible, Book of Exodus, Chapter 22, Verse 19

5th century BCE

"In my lifetime a strange thing occurred in this district: a he-goat had intercourse openly with a woman."[8]

— Herodotus, Histories, Book 2, Chapter 46, Section 4

1st century BCE

  • c. 27 BCE  – At the beginning of the Roman Empire, legal retribution for bestiality was required only for sodomy, under which bestiality was included.[1]

Common Era

1st millennium

8th century

2nd millennium

13th century

13th century  – 14th century

  • c. 1,250  – 1,350  – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the provinces of Dalarna, Uppland, Västmanland enacts capital punishment for those convicted for male bestiality were buried alive for both the perpetrator and the animal, while the province of Södermanland in the Kingdom of Sweden stipulates the male perpetrator could be either buried alive or burned at the stake.[12][11]

14th century

  • 1,350  – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the Country Law of Magnus Eriksson was enacted, replacing all provisional laws in the country with a national law (excluding cities). The law lacked canonical code, so the Church code of the Uppland provisional law was used alongside the Country Law of Magnus Eriksson, making male bestiality a capital punishment in the Kingdom of Sweden, excluding cities.[13]

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

  • 1711  – Kingdom of Denmark makes those convicted of bestiality should be strangled as well as burned.[1]
  • 23 January 1736  – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the Civil Code of 1734 was enacted, making both male and female bestiality a capital punishment.[13]

19th century

  • 1 January 1835  – The Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire (excluding the Duchy of Finland) criminalizes bestiality.[19]
  • 1838  – Iceland adopts the Sixth Book of Danish Law of 1683 makes bestiality a capital punishment with a penalty of burning, along with strangling.[18]
  • 20 August 1848  – The Norwegian Penal Code of 1848 (Chapter 18, section 21) in Kingdom of Norway reduces the punishment for engaging in bestiality from capital punishment to a sentence of hard labor of the fifth degree.[18]
  • 14 April 1851  – The Prussian Penal Code (Paragraph 143) in the Kingdom of Prussia makes bestiality punishable with imprisonment of six months to four years, with the further punishment of a prompt loss of civil rights.[20][21]
  • 1864  – In the Kingdom of Sweden, the Penal Code of 1864 (Chapter 10, section 10) was enacted, reducing the penalty for bestiality with a punishment of two years hard labor.[13]
  • 1866  – The Penal Code of 1866 in the Kingdom of Denmark reduces the penalty for the crime of male bestiality from capital punishment to a sentence of eight months to six years hard labor, which is further reduced with one third penalty was served in solitude.[18]
  • 1869  – The Penal Code of 1869 (Section 178) in Iceland makes male bestiality punishable with hard labor.[18]
  • 1 January 1871  – §175 StGB takes effect in the North German Confederation, making bestiality punishable with imprisonment, with the further punishment of a prompt loss of civil rights.[22]
  • 1 January 1872  – The Imperial Criminal Law (§175 StGB) takes effect in the German Empire, making bestiality punishable with imprisonment, with the further punishment of a prompt loss of civil rights.[22]
  • 1894  – The Penal Code of the Grand Duchy of Finland (Chapter 20, section 12) reduced the penalty of bestiality from capital punishment to at least two years imprisonment. It also criminalized attempting bestiality with a penalty of at least two years imprisonment.[18]

20th century

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Podberscek, Anthony; Beetz, Andrea, eds. (2005). Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals. ISBN 1557534128.
  2. ↑ Deuteronomy 27:21
  3. ↑ Ascione, Frank, ed. (2008). The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application. p. 205. ISBN 1557535655.
  4. ↑ Leviticus 18:23–18:24
  5. ↑ Leviticus 20:15–20:16
  6. ↑ Exodus 22:19
  7. ↑ Dynes, Wayne, ed. (1990). Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Volume 2. p. 1418. ISBN 9781317368113.
  8. ↑ "2" 46 [4]. Histories. ISBN 0674991303. {{cite book}}: Invalid |script-chapter=: missing prefix (help)
  9. ↑ M. T. G. Humphreys, Law, Power, and Imperial Ideology in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680-850. Oxford Studies in Byzantium. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xxiv, 312. ISBN 9780198701576.
  10. ↑ It is rare that the primary punishment for bestiality is pecuniary; the crime usually led to capital punishment.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ekholst, Christine (2014). A Punishment for Each Criminal: Gender and Crime in Swedish Medieval Law. pp. 187–188. ISBN 9789004271623.
  12. ↑ In the Södermanland law, capital punishment is unconditional.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Rydström, Jens (2003). Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880-1950. p. 34. ISBN 0226732576.
  14. ↑ Ben-Atar, Doron; Brown, Richard (2014). Taming Lust: Crimes Against Nature in the Early Republic. p. 17. ISBN 0812245814.
  15. ↑ Fone, Byrne (2000). Homophobia: A History. p. 213. ISBN 0312420307.
  16. ↑ Rampone Jr., W. (2011). Sexuality in the Age of Shakespeare. p. 22. ISBN 0313343756.
  17. ↑ THE BUGGERY ACT (1533)
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 Rydström, Jens; Mustola, Kati, eds. (2007). Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999. ISBN 905260245X.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Engelstein, Laura (1992). The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-siècle Russia. ISBN 0801499585.
  20. ↑ Carr, Jamie (2006). Queer Times: Christopher Isherwood's Modernity. p. 157. ISBN 0415978416.
  21. ↑ Karl Maria Kertbeny [aka Karl Maria Benkert ]
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Wackerfuss, Andrew (2015). Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement. p. 23. ISBN 1939594057.
  23. ↑ Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation
  24. ↑ LGBT Rights in Sweden
  25. ↑ Tamagne, Florence (2006). A History of Homosexuality in Europe, Vol. I & II: Berlin, London ..., Volume 1. p. 400. ISBN 0875862527.
  26. ↑ "glbtq >> social sciences >> Berlin" (PDF). glbtq.com.
Retrieved from "https://zoophilia.wiki/index.php?title=Timeline_of_zoophilia&oldid=9366"