Timeline of zoophilia
The timeline of zoophilia covers the history of zoophilia and bestiality among humans and non-human animals.
Before the Common Era
Prehistory
Upper Paleolithic
23rd millennium BCE
230th century BCE
- c. 22,995 BCE – A bone rod is engraves in a cave in Abri de la Madeleine, France, depicting a lioness licking the opening of either a gigantic human penis or a vulva.[1]
Ancient history
Bronze Age
2nd millennium BCE
18th century BCE
- c. 1,750 BCE – The Code of Hammurabi is written and in the code, King Hammurabi of the Paleo-Babylonian Empire proclaims capital punishment for anyone engaging in bestiality.[1]
15th century BCE
- c. 1,406 BCE – The Book of Deuteronomy is written during this period and within the text it states the:
"Cursed be anyone who lies with any animal.” All the people shall say, “Amen!"[2]
13th century BCE
- c. 1,300 BCE – c. 1,201 BCE – The Hittite laws are written for the Hittite Empire, which punished male bestiality with a pig, a dog, or a cow with capital punishment, while male bestiality with a horse or a mule only prohibited the man from approaching the king or becoming a priest.[3][1]
Classical antiquity
1st millennium BCE
7th century BCE
- c. 700 BCE – c. 601 BCE – A cave painting is painted in Val Camonica, Italy depicting a man inserting his penis into the vagina or anus of a donkey.[1]
7th century BCE – 5th century BCE
- c. 700 BCE – c. 401 BCE – The Book of Leviticus is written during this period and within the text it states the following:
"You shall not have sexual relations with any animal and defile yourself with it, nor shall any woman give herself to an animal to have sexual relations with it: it is perversion. Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, for by all these practices the nations I am casting out before you have defiled themselves."[4]
"If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he shall be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and has sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them."[5]
6th century BCE – 4th century BCE
- c. 600 BCE – c. 301 BCE – The Book of Exodus is written during this period and within the text it states that:
"Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death."[6]
5th century BCE
- c. 486 BCE – King Darius I adopts the Holiness Code of the Book of Leviticus for Persian Jews of the Achaemenid Empire, enacting capital punishment for bestiality.[7]
- c. 440 BCE – In Histories, Herodotus wrote that:
"In my lifetime a strange thing occurred in this district: a he-goat had intercourse openly with a woman."[8]
1st century BCE
- c. 27 BCE – At the beginning of the Roman Empire, legal retribution for bestiality was required only for sodomy, under which bestiality was included.[1]
Common Era
Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages
1st millennium
8th century
- 726 – Emperor Leo III the Isaurian issues Ecloga (17.39) for the Byzantine Empire, which makes male bestiality punishable by the removal of the penis.[9]
High Middle Ages
2nd millennium
13th century
- c. 1,201 – 1,300 – The Kingdom of Sweden enacts capital punishment that stipulated that those convicted for bestiality were buried alive.[10]
- c. 1,250 – 1,281 – The Younger Westrogothic law (Urbotamäl 3. DL) of the Kingdom of Sweden, in the province of West Gothland, enacts a ban on bestiality and those convicted are expiated by pilgrimage to Rome as penance, along with payment of a fine consisting of three times nine marks.[11][12]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Podberscek, Anthony; Beetz, Andrea, eds. (2005). Bestiality and Zoophilia: Sexual Relations with Animals. ISBN 1557534128.
- ↑ Deuteronomy 27:21
- ↑ Ascione, Frank, ed. (2008). The International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application. p. 205. ISBN 1557535655.
- ↑ Leviticus 18:23–18:24
- ↑ Leviticus 20:15–20:16
- ↑ Exodus 22:19
- ↑ Dynes, Wayne, ed. (1990). Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, Volume 2. p. 1418. ISBN 9781317368113.
- ↑ "2" 46 [4]. Histories. ISBN 0674991303.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|script-chapter=: missing prefix (help) - ↑ M. T. G. Humphreys, Law, Power, and Imperial Ideology in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680-850. Oxford Studies in Byzantium. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xxiv, 312. ISBN 9780198701576. $125.00.
- ↑ Being Human: Bestiality, Anthropophagy, and Law
- ↑ It is rare that the primary punishment for bestiality is pecuniary; the crime usually led to capital punishment.
- ↑ Ekholst, Christine (2014). A Punishment for Each Criminal: Gender and Crime in Swedish Medieval Law. pp. 187–188. ISBN 9789004271623.
