Impregnate – Impregnation
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Impregnate – Impregnation
Despite it being a prevalent fantasy among zoos, people’s pets can’t impregnate them, and likewise no one is able to impregnate their animal lover. Here’s why:
The only way to get pregnant by an animal you have sex with would be via sexual reproduction. It requires a female and a male in order to work naturally (without the interference of laboratory equipment and procedures).
Not only must they be a female and a male, but because they will each contribute gametes to their offspring (half of their chromosomes). They must also each have the same number of chromosomes for the zygote to form properly. If their chromosome number is very close yet not the same (off by perhaps 2 chromosomes or one gamete) then the mating may result in offspring that will likely be sterile or have other unusual features, such as a mule, liger, or tigon.
Chromosome numbers in different species:
Humans: 46 (23 per sperm/egg)
Great Apes: 48 (24 per sperm/egg)*
No hybrid of human and ape has ever been credibly documented, although the fact that the chromosome count is only off by a single pair implies that, similar to mules, perhaps zoos would be capable of creating a sterile hybrid offspring with a great ape in rare circumstances, however this has never happened before and most zoos report no attraction to primates. The great apes, when mature, are also very strong and can pose a distinct danger to human beings, so sexual activity is rarely reported.
The only two animals which have the exact same number of chromosomes as a human being are the Reeve’s Muntjac (a small cat-sized deer with fangs and horns) and the Sable Antelope.
Sexual activity between humans and these two species has not yet been reported and the results are unlikely to be a viable life form as the genes may code for wildly different things (leaving hybrid zygotes lacking crucial components), but as the zebroids below prove, nature is full of surprises and exceptions to its own rules…
Dogs: 78 (39 per sperm/egg)
Wolves, African wild dogs, coyotes, dingoes and some species of jackal all have the same number of chromosomes as dogs, allowing them to interbreed fully and create fertile offspring. However some canines have chromosome counts that differ dramatically, preventing them from inbreeding with wolf-like dogs, as follows:
Red Fox: 38 (19 per sperm/egg)
Fennec Fox: 64 (32 per sperm/egg)
Yellow Jackal: 74 (37 per sperm/egg)
Raccoon Dog: 42 (21 per sperm/egg)
Wild Horse: 66 (33 per sperm/egg)
Horses: 64 (32 per sperm/egg)
Donkeys: 62 (31 per sperm/egg)
Mules: 63 (males always sterile, females almost always sterile)
Zebra: 32-46 (16-23 per sperm/egg) number varies according to type of zebra
First off, wild horses and domestic horses have the same extra pair of chromosomes that separates domestic horses from donkeys and apparently this small difference isn’t enough to cause real problems in equines, as they seem to mate fairly easily between species when compared with some other types of animals.
Now the zebra-hybrids really break the rule here (having drastically different chromosome numbers as compared with donkeys and especially horses), reminding us that under the laws of nature, life always attempts to find a way and nothing is completely set in stone. Despite having at least 9 missing chromosomes (or more, depending on the type of zebra) a zebra sometimes will succeed in breeding with a horse or, even more rarely, a donkey.
Cattle: 60 (30 per sperm/egg)
Goat: 60 (30 per sperm/egg)
Sheep: 54 (27 per sperm/egg)
Swine: 38 (19 per sperm/egg)
Goats and sheep often share pastures, yet hybrids between the two are very rare. Furthermore only natural hybrids count and one should not confuse a true hybrid for the sheep-goat chimeras which have been artificially created in laboratories.
Despite this difference in chromosome number, Cuinos (the offspring of a male sheep and female swine) have long been documented in Mexico and in fact it is common practice to do so, and the offspring do mature slowly but they are able to fatten up considerably on nothing more than grass and perhaps two cobs of corn, fed daily.
If the two parents are similar enough that their chromosome number is compatible, a multitude of processes take place which turn that single union of two ‘half’-cells into a living being with trillions of cells forming a complex network of interconnected systems.
In some cases the zygote will simply fail to thrive at some step in the process, due to missing a necessary piece of genetic code or chromosome number being radically off. In some cases the resulting fetus is stillborn. However hybrids can and do occur, under certain circumstances, though only between non-human animal species, and most often among similar types.
So as for the true answer to whether someone’s pet can impregnate them or not: that depends on what you consider ‘pregnancy’ to be. If penetration of the egg cell is all that is necessary, then yes absolutely. If a zygote must develop and begin to divide for it to qualify as impregnation under your definition then yes, sometimes. If a full-term pregnancy and resulting live birth is the only thing that counts then no, there is currently no existent species with which humans are known to successfully interbreed.
Even if the sperm penetrates the egg and then fertilization is achieved, followed by a proper distribution of chromosomes (containing the right data to continue developing the budding life form), there is still another barrier to be overcome: as in all cases of pregnancy, the female’s body will begin to have an immune reaction to the presence of ‘foreign’ material sharing her blood supply (if indeed the zygote has managed to attach to the uterine wall).
When the zygote contains the proteins of another species (or indeed, even a human blood type incompatible with the mother’s) the pregnant woman will create antibodies which will cause a spontaneous abortion within the first few weeks of the organism’s development. This can only be counteracted by giving drugs to weaken the immune system, such as those used for organ transplants. Obviously this can put the pregnant individual at increased risk of illness or infection.
Finally as species have evolved, the pregnant mothers and their offspring have adapted together, having needs and capabilities that allow them to survive together. A different species’ womb will not only have a temperature difference but there may also be differences in blood flow, nutrients received, and other the provision of other needs.
References
http://beastiality.club/beastiality-club-extreme-animal-sex-content/the-encyclopedia-of-zoophilia/
