Template:Cite SSRN/doc
This is a documentation subpage for Template:Cite SSRN. It may contain usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original template page. |
This template uses Lua: |
{{Cite arXiv}} | arXiv preprints |
---|---|
{{Cite AV media}} | A/V media |
{{Cite AV media notes}} | A/V media liner notes |
{{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxiv preprints |
{{Cite book}} | books and book chapters |
{{Cite CiteSeerX}} | CiteSeerX papers |
{{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
{{Cite document}} | short, standalone offline documents |
{{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
{{Cite episode}} | podcast, radio or television episodes |
{{Cite interview}} | interviews |
{{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
{{Cite magazine}} | magazines and other periodicals |
{{Cite mailing list}} | public email lists |
{{Cite map}} | maps |
{{Cite medRxiv}} | medRxiv preprints |
{{Cite news}} | journalism pieces |
{{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
{{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
{{Cite press release}} | press releases |
{{Cite report}} | reports |
{{Cite serial}} | A/V serials |
{{Cite sign}} | signs or plaques |
{{Cite speech}} | recorded/transcribed speeches |
{{Cite SSRN}} | SSRN papers |
{{Cite tech report}} | technical reports |
{{Cite thesis}} | scholarly theses |
{{Cite web}} | online sources not covered above |
See also | Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates |
This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for sources identified by an SSRN identifier.
Usage
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn=
, have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=
which are acceptable for use). Use the |
(vertical bar or "pipe") character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date; if the date is not current, then the page.
For references with author credit
For references without author credit
|
Full examples needed
{{Cite SSRN | url = | title = | last = | first = | date = | website = | publisher = | access-date = | quote = }} |
|
Vertical list | Prerequisites | Instructions / Notes |
---|---|---|
{{Cite SSRN |url= |url-access= |url-status= |title= |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |department= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |subscription= |registration= }} |
last last last2 editor-last editor-last editor2-last url, archive-date archive-url url url |
required required |
- If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.
Examples
{{Cite SSRN |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1105657 |title=Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature |last=Hagen‐Zanker |first=Jessica |date=2008-03-14 |ssrn=1105657 |access-date=September 22, 2024}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=22 September 2024}}
- Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2024-09-22}}
- Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2024-09-22.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=22 September 2024}}
- Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 22 September 2024.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=2024-09-22}}
- "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2024-09-22.
{{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=September 22, 2024}}
- "NFL Rules Digest". NFL Football Operations. National Football League. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
Using format
{{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |format=PDF |access-date=22 September 2024}}
- "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
Foreign language and translated title
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=22 September 2024 |language=French |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
- Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2024.
Using author-link
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=September 22, 2024}}
- Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
Multiple authors
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=22 September 2024}}
- Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
No author
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=2024-09-22}}
- "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
No author, no publisher
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=22 September 2024}}
- "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=September 22, 2024}}
- "Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
{{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=Greek}}
- "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Greek). 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Greek). 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived
|url-status=dead
and the main link is to the archive:
{{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}
- "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). 2005-04-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
|url-status=live
, the main link is to the original:
{{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=March 31, 2006 |publisher=The Desert Sun |archive-url=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archive-date=April 26, 2006 |url-status=live}}
- "Interview with Maggie Downs". The Desert Sun. March 31, 2006. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006.
|url-status=unfit
or <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" id="" style="" inline="1">usurped</syntaxhighlight>, the original is not linked at all:
{{Cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=22 September 2024 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011 |url-status=unfit}}
- "London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- "London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
Using quote
{{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=22 September 2024 |quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'}}
- "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'
- "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
Parameters
Syntax
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
- parent
- OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
- Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a full stop .
or "period."
COinS
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. (See Wikipedia:COinS) As a general rule, supply only one data item per parameter and do not include explanatory or alternate text.
- Use
|date=September 27, 2007
, not|date=September 27, 2007 (print version September 25, 2007)
.
Use of other templates as parameter values for {{Citation}}-family templates is discouraged because many of them add supplementary HTML or CSS code that will be included verbatim in the COinS metadata. Also, HTML entities such as
, –
, or  
should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
COinS metadata is created for these parameters
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive while other are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, its aliases and their dependencies is shown in the § Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=
,|journal=
,|newspaper=
,|magazine=
,|work=
,|website=
,|encyclopedia=
,|encyclopaedia=
and/or|dictionary=
|chapter=
,|script-chapter=
,|contribution=
,|script-contribution=
,|entry=
,|script-entry=
,|article=
,|script-article=
,|section=
and/or|script-section=
|title=
,|script-title=
and/or|book-title=
|publication-place=
,|place=
and/or|location=
|date=
,|year=
and/or|publication-date=
|series=
and/or|version=
|volume=
,|issue=
and/or|number=
|page=
,|pages=
,|at=
,|quote-page=
and/or|quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=
and/or|institution=
|url=
,|chapter-url=
,|contribution-url=
and/or|section-url=
|author-last=
,|author-last#=
,|author#-last=
,|author-surname=
,|author-surname#=
,|author#-surname=
,|last=
,|last#=
,|surname=
,|surname#=
,|author=
,|author#=
,|subject=
,|subject#=
,|host=
and/or|host#=
|author-first=
,|author-first#=
,|author#-first=
,|author-given=
,|author-given#=
,|author#-given=
,|first=
,|first#=
,|given=
and/or|given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=
,|bibcode=
,|biorxiv=
,|citeseerx=
,|doi=
,|eissn=
,|eprint=
,|hdl=
,|isbn=
,|issn=
,|jfm=
,|jstor=
,|lccn=
,|message-id=
,|mr=
,|oclc=
,|osti=
,|pmc=
,|pmid=
,|rfc=
,|ssrn=
,|s2cid=
and/or|zbl=
Deprecated
Deprecated parameter(s) | Replacement parameter(s) | Date | Note |
---|---|---|---|
None deprecated at present. |
Removed parameter(s) | Replacement parameter(s) | Date | Note |
---|---|---|---|
|authors=
|
|lastn= / |firstn= , |authorn= or |vauthors=
|
August 2024 |
Description
Authors
author-link
instead. Use this or one of its aliases for corporate authors or those for whom only one name is listed by the source (e.g.|author=Bono
). Aliases:surname
,author
,lastn
,surnamen
,authorn
.author
: The name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (given names and surname) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use offirst
andlast
. This parameter should never hold the information of more than a single author. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.first
: Given or first names of a single author, as in Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr.; do not wikilink—useauthor-link
instead. Requireslast
, first name will not display iflast
is undefined. Aliases:given
,firstn
,givenn
.- For multiple authors use
last1
,first1
throughlastn
,firstn
, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (eachfirstn
requires a correspondinglastn
, but not the other way around. See thedisplay
parameters to change how many authors are displayed.) Aliases:surname1
,given1
throughsurnamen
,givenn
, orauthor1
throughauthorn
. For an individual author along with an institutional author, you can use|first1=…
,|last1=…
and|author2=…
. author-link
: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:author-link1
,author1-link
,authorlink
.- For multiple authors use
author-link1
throughauthor-linkn
. Aliases:author1-link
throughauthorn-link
.
- For multiple authors use
name-list-style
: One of the following keywords:amp
,ampersand
or&
: Inserts an ampersand between the last two entries in the list of names.and
: Inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two entries in the list of names.vanc
: Displays listed names in Vancouver style when the lists use thelast
/first
forms of the author name parameters.
: Surname of a single author; do not wikilink—use - Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses and conclude with "et al." if appropriate (e.g.
|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), et al.
).author-link
andauthor-mask
: Used for the individual names in|vauthors=
as described above.
: A comma-delimited list of author names in - collaboration: The name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires
author
,last
orvauthors
listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list, appending "et al." when needed. - Note: When using
{{Sfnote}}
or{{Paren}}
styles with templates do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
Title
- title: The title of the source page, displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert double quotation marks (") to single quotation marks ('). If
script-title
is defined, usetitle
to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title inscript-title
.script-title
: The original title, for languages that do not use a Latin-alphabet script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); follows Romanization defined intitle
(if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:…|title=Tōkyō tawā|script-title=ja:東京タワー|trans-title=Tokyo Tower…
- trans-title: The English translation of the title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; displays in square brackets after
title
withtrans-title
included in the link. Use of thelanguage
parameter is recommended.
- Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | | |
{{Bracket|text}} | {{Pipe}} – See also Help:Table § Rendering pipe itself. |
- This parameter is required and will generate an error if not defined. On errors, Main, Help and Template namespace pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set
|no-tracking=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for in-place documentation where the error is demonstrated.
- website: The title of the hosting website of the source (when the website has a clear name, use that rather than the domain name), shown in italics; may be wikilinked. Aliases:
work
.
type
: Provides additional information about the media type of the source displayed in parentheses following the title; may alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if not the manuscript's final version (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. The reserved keyword|type=none
can be used to disable the display of a type, if desired. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias:medium
.
- language: The language or a comma-delimited list of the languages in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code(s) (preferred) or the full language name, displayed in parentheses after the title with "in" before the language name or names. Examples:
|language=ru
;|lang=fr, pt-PT
;|lang=Russian
;|language=French, Portuguese
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the Citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Aliases: lang
Date
- date: The date of the referenced source, displayed after the authors enclosed in parentheses; can be a full date (month, day and year) or partial (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations[date 1] and do not wikilink. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
- Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate
{{Sfn}}
links to multiple works by the same author in the same year[more], unless the date is formatted asYYYY-MM-DD
. In the latter case,year
orref
is required to disambiguate the link targets.
- For no date, or "undated", use
|date=n.d.
, and for approximate years precede with "c.
", as in|date=c. 1900
. - The date of a web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a
created
orupdated
date; a comment for editors such as|date=2021-12-25<!-- Date from page source. -->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
can be added.
- year: The year of publication, however the more flexible
date
parameter detailed above also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the|date=
parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:- Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. This situation warrants a citation reference anchor disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
- The
|date=
value is formatted asYYYY-MM-DD
, which prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.
- df: The date format for rendered dates; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates and overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one keyword value which may be one of:
mdy
– Set publication dates to month day, year format;access-
andarchive-
dates are not modifieddmy
– As above for day month year formatymd
– As above for year-first numeric format YYYY-MM-DDmdy-all
– Set publication,access-
andarchive-
dates to month day, year formatdmy-all
– As above for day month year formatymd-all
– As above for year-first numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
- ↑ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
Periodical
- work (required by
{{Cite journal}}
and{{Cite magazine}}
): The name of the work containing the source (may be wikilinked if relevant), displayed in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time, provide the name in use at the time of the source's publication. Ifscript-work
is defined, usework
to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title inscript-work
using Latin script; for languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field. Aliases:journal
,newspaper
,magazine
,periodical
,website
.- script-work: The work's title in its original, non-Latin script; shown unitalicized following the italicized Romanization defined in
work
(if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script; leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases:script-journal
,script-newspaper
,script-magazine
,script-periodical
,script-website
. trans-work
: The English translation of the work's title if the source cited is in a foreign language, displayed in square brackets afterwork
orscript-work
, as in…|work=Zhōngguó piàofáng|script-work=zh:中国票房|trans-work=China Box Office|…
. Aliases:trans-journal
,trans-newspaper
,trans-magazine
,trans-periodical
,trans-website
.- When set,
work
changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:title
is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes, andchapter
is not displayed (and will produce an error message).
- script-work: The work's title in its original, non-Latin script; shown unitalicized following the italicized Romanization defined in
Publisher
- publisher: The name of the publisher of the source, displayed after
title
; may be wikilinked[1] if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use thepublisher
parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, provide the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd.", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). - place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. This will be treated as the place of publication if the
publication-place
parameter is absent; see below for further information. Alias:location
. - publication-place: The geographical place of publication shown after
title
, generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, as in The Boston Globe or The Times of India. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or in use at the time of the source's publication. If only one ofpublication-place
,place
orlocation
is defined, it will be treated as the place of publication and be shown after the title; however ifpublication-place
is defined along withplace
orlocation
then the latter is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" andpublication-place
is shown after the title. - publication-date: The source's date of publication, when different from the date it was written. If
date
(oryear
) is also defined and holds a different value, thenpublication-date
displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, followingpublisher
. Ifdate
(oryear
) is not defined,publication-date
is displayed asdate
. Use the same format as other dates in the article and do not wikilink. - via: The name of the content deliverer (if different from
publisher
); not a replacement forpublisher
but providing additional detail to it. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See theaccess level
parameters to display access restrictions.
Series
- series: For use when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted. Aliases:
version
.
In-source locations
- page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content, shown preceded by
p.
unless|no-pp=yes
; use eitherpage
orpages
, but not both. If hyphenated, use {{Hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{{Hyphen}}12
), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12
to|pages=3{{Ndash}}12
. Alias:p
. - pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content, shown preceded by
pp.
unless|no-pp=yes
; use eitherpage
orpages
, but not both. Separate sequential pages using an en dash (–) and non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. If hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value without processing it and {{Hyphen}} to indicate to other editors that a hyphen is really intended, as in|pages=((3{{Hyphen}}1{{Ndash}}3{{Hyphen}}15))
. Alternatively, useat
, like this:|at=pp. 3-1–3-15
. Alias:pp
.- no-pp: Set to
yes
,y
, ortrue
to suppress the "p." or "pp." page notations where inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover
or|pages=passim
.
- no-pp: Set to
- at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient; overridden by
page
orpages
. Use only one ofpage
,pages
orat
'.- Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene; canto; book; part; folio; stanza; back cover; liner notes; indicia; colophon; dust jacket; verse.
- For
quote-page
andquote-pages
(used in conjunction withquote
), see here.
URL
- url: The URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by
title
can be found; cannot be used iftitle
is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Useisbn
oroclc
to provide neutral search links for books, and remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=…&utm_term=…&utm_campaign=…
. (For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see Wikipedia:PAGELINKS.) Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.- access-date: The full date when the content pointed to by
url
was last verified to resolve successfully and support the text in the article; do not wikilink. Requiresurl
; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1] Not required for linked documents that do not change, such as links to published research papers or published books. For example,access-date
is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see Wikipedia:Citing sources § Web pages. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias:accessdate
. - url-access: See § Access indicators for url-holding parameters.
- archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page, typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Using the Wayback Machine) and archive.today (see Using archive.today); requires
archive-date
andurl
. By default (overridden by|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl
.- archive-date: The archive service's snapshot-date, displayed with "archived from the original on date" prepended; use the same format as other
access-
andarchive-
dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. Alias:archivedate
. - archive-format: The file format of the work referred to by
archive-url
, such DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive snapshot link (HTML is implied and should not be specified). PDF is auto-detected and need not be specified; does not change the external link icon, except for PDFs. Note: External link icons do not include alt text, thus they do not add file format information for the visually impaired, but this is not a concern for PDFs because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text. (See Using |format=.)
- archive-date: The archive service's snapshot-date, displayed with "archived from the original on date" prepended; use the same format as other
- url-status: A control parameter to select one of
url
orarchive-url
to linktitle
to; requiresurl
andarchive-url
. Use{{Dead link}}
to mark dead URLs when there is no archive service snapshot link.- Accepts multiple keywords:
dead
– Default condition whenurl-status
is undefined or value is null; linkstitle
toarchive-url
.live
– Linkstitle
tourl
; use when original source is preemptively archived with an archive service while it still resolves.deviated
– Use whenurl
still resolves but the content no longer supports the text in the wiki article; linkstitle
toarchive-url
.unfit
– Use when source page contains elements related to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising or other unsuitable content; linkstitle
toarchive-url
and suppressesurl
in the rendered article. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider using the usurped keyword instead.usurped
– Use when the domain inurl
no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; linkstitle
toarchive-url
and suppresses links tourl
in the rendered page.
- Accepts multiple keywords:
- access-date: The full date when the content pointed to by
- format: The file format of the work referred to by
url
, such as DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses aftertitle
. For media formats, usetype
; HTML is implied and should not be specified, while PDF is auto-detected and need not be specified. Does not change the external link icon, except for PDFs. Note: External link icons do not include alt text, thus they do not add file format information for the visually impaired, but this is not a concern for PDFs because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text. (See Using |format=.)
URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http://
and https://
will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://
, gopher://
, irc://
, ircs://
, mailto:
, news:
and tel:
may require additional extensions or an external application and should normally be avoided. Bare IPv6 host names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly: those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20
. To percent-encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
Character | (space)
|
"
|
'
|
<
|
>
|
[
|
]
|
{
|
|
|
}
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encoding | %20
|
%22
|
%27
|
%3C
|
%3E
|
%5B
|
%5D
|
%7B
|
%7C
|
%7D
|
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples of them will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
Anchor
- ref: The citation's HTML anchor identifier. When set,
|ref=ID
generates a custom anchor with the given ID (theid=
attribute in the citation's<cite id="ID">
HTML tag) and identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, which is especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{Sfn}} and {{Harvard citation}} templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation altogether, set|ref=none
. The parameter/keyword pair|ref=harv
no longer holds any special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing CS1 & CS2 templates. Aliases: none. (See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.)
Identifiers
- id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example,
|id=CoL 4JQ8
will append "CoL 4JQ8" at the end of the citation (see {{Catalogue of Life}}), or you can use templates such as|id={{MSW3|id=13801049|pages=391–393}}
to append Template:MSW3 instead.
Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/id2" does not exist.
Quote
Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/quote" does not exist.
Editors
Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/editor" does not exist.
Display options
Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/display" does not exist.
Subscription or registration required
Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/registration" does not exist.
TemplateData
TemplateData for Cite SSRN
Formats a citation to the SSRN website using the provided information such as URL and title.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Title | title | Page title on the SSRN website; will display with quotation marks added. | String | required |
Last name | last last1 author author1 author-last author1-last author-last1 surname1 surname | The surname of the author; don't wikilink but use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors. | Line | suggested |
First name | first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first | Given or first and/or middle names or initials of the author; don't wikilink but use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors. | Line | suggested |
Author link | author-link author-link1 author1-link | Title of existing Zoophilia Wiki article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to support additional authors. | Page name | optional |
Second author last name | last2 author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink but use 'author-link2' instead. | Line | optional |
Second author first name | first2 | First and/or middle names or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 2 | author-link2 author2-link | Title of existing Zoophilia Wiki article about the second author. | Page name | optional |
Source date | date | Full date when the source was published and do not wikilink; if unknown, use access-date instead. | Date | suggested |
Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date' except for ISO dates with CITEREF in CS2 or Harvard-style citations. | Line | deprecated |
Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | String | optional |
Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.' | String | optional |
At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | String | optional |
Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | String | optional |
Translated title | trans-title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | optional |
SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network ID number | String | optional |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation | String | optional |
Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template | String | optional |
Postscript | postscript | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined
| String | optional |
Author mask | author-mask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
Last name 3 | last3 author3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. | Line | optional |
First name 3 | first3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 3 | author-link3 author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 4 | last4 author4 | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. | Line | optional |
First name 4 | first4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 4 | author-link4 author4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 5 | last5 author5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. | Line | optional |
First name 5 | first5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 5 | author-link5 author5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 6 | last6 author6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. | Line | optional |
First name 6 | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 6 | author-link6 author6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 7 | last7 author7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. | Line | optional |
First name 7 | first7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 7 | author-link7 author7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 8 | last8 author8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. | Line | optional |
First name 8 | first8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 8 | author-link8 author8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | Page name | optional |
Last name 9 | last9 author9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. | Line | optional |
First name 9 | first9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
Author link 9 | author-link9 author9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | Page name | optional |
Display authors | display-authors | Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. | String | optional |
See also
- ↑ The "pipe trick" does not work inside references, so be sure to insert a full wikilink.